oracle
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Start with...Connect By子句递归查询一般用于一个表维护树形结构的应用。
创建示例表：
CREATE TABLE TBL_TEST
(
ID NUMBER,
NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE),
PID NUMBER DEFAULT 0
);
(
ID NUMBER,
NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE),
PID NUMBER DEFAULT 0
);
插入测试数据：
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''1'''',''''10'''',''''0'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''2'''',''''11'''',''''1'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''3'''',''''20'''',''''0'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''4'''',''''12'''',''''1'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''5'''',''''121'''',''''2'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''2'''',''''11'''',''''1'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''3'''',''''20'''',''''0'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''4'''',''''12'''',''''1'''');
INSERT INTO TBL_TEST(ID,NAME,PID) VALUES(''''5'''',''''121'''',''''2'''');
从Root往树末梢递归
select * from TBL_TEST
start with id=1
connect by prior id = pid
start with id=1
connect by prior id = pid
从末梢往树ROOT递归
select * from TBL_TEST
start with id=5
connect by prior pid = id
MSSQL
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start with id=5
connect by prior pid = id
MSSQL
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使用递归公用表表达式显示递归的多个级别。
以下示例显示经理以及向经理报告的雇员的层次列表。
USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel) AS
(
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, 0 AS EmployeeLevel
FROM HumanResources.Employee
WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel + 1
FROM HumanResources.Employee e
INNER JOIN DirectReports d
ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
)
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel
FROM DirectReports ;
GO
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E. 使用递归公用表表达式显示递归的两个级别。
以下示例显示经理以及向经理报告的雇员。将返回的级别数目被限制为两个。
USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel) AS
(
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, 0 AS EmployeeLevel
FROM HumanResources.Employee
WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel + 1
FROM HumanResources.Employee e
INNER JOIN DirectReports d
ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
)
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel
FROM DirectReports
WHERE EmployeeLevel <= 2 ;
GO
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F. 使用递归公用表表达式显示层次列表
以下示例在示例 C 的基础上添加经理和雇员的名称，以及他们各自的头衔。通过缩进各个级别，突出显示经理和雇员的层次结构。
USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(Name, Title, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel, Sort)
AS (SELECT CONVERT(varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
e.Title,
e.EmployeeID,
1,
CONVERT(varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName)
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
WHERE e.ManagerID IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(255), REPLICATE ('| ' , EmployeeLevel) +
c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
e.Title,
e.EmployeeID,
EmployeeLevel + 1,
CONVERT (varchar(255), RTRIM(Sort) + '| ' + FirstName + ' ' +
LastName)
FROM HumanResources.Employee as e
JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
)
SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel
FROM DirectReports
ORDER BY Sort;
GO
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