oracle 常用命令大汇总

oracle 常用命令大汇总(第一篇)

    第一章：日志管理

    1.forcing log switches

    sql> alter system switch logfile;

    2.forcing checkpoints

    sql> alter system checkpoint;

    3.adding online redo log groups

    sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]

    sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;

    4.adding online redo log members

    sql> alter database add logfile member

    sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

    sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

    5.changes the name of the online redo logfile

    sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

    sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

    6.drop online redo log groups

    sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;

    7.drop online redo log members

    sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

    8.clearing online redo log files

    sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

    9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles

    a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

    b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log');

    c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',

    sql> dbms_logmnr.new);

    d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',

    sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);

    e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');

    f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters

    sql> v$logmnr_logs);

    g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

    第二章：表空间管理

    1.create tablespaces

    sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m,

    sql> 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]

    sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)

    sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause]

    2.locally managed tablespace

    sql> create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf'

    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

    3.temporary tablespace

    sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf'

    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

    4.change the storage setting

    sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;

    sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);

    5.taking tablespace offline or online

    sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;

    sql> alter tablespace app_data online;

    6.read_only tablespace

    sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;

    7.droping tablespace

    sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;

    8.enableing automatic extension of data files

    sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf'size 200m

    sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;

    9.change the size fo data files manually

    sql> alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'resize 200m;

    10.Moving data files: alter tablespace

    sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

    sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

    11.moving data files:alter database

    sql> alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

    sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

    第三章：表

    1.create a table

    sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....)

    sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]

    sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

    sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)

    sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache]

    2.copy an existing table

    sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery

    3.create temporary table

    sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;

    on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows

    4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size

    pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)

    5.change storage and block utilization parameter

    sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k

    sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);

    6.manually allocating extents

    sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf');

    7.move tablespace

    sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;

    8.deallocate of unused space

    sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]

    9.truncate a table

    sql> truncate table table_name;

    10.drop a table

    sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];

    11.drop a column

    sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;

    alter table table_name drop columns continue;

    12.mark a column as unused

    sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;

    alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;

    alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000

    data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

oracle 常用命令大汇总(第二篇)

    第四章：索引

    1.creating function-based indexes

    sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);

    2.create a B-tree index

    sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace

    sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

    sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0

    sql> maxextents 50);

    3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows

    4.creating reverse key indexes

    sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k

    sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

    5.create bitmap index

    sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k

    sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

    6.change storage parameter of index

    sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);

    7.allocating index space

    sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');

    8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;

    第五章：约束

    1.define constraints as immediate or deferred

    sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default;

    set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;

    2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints

    sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints

    3. define constraints while create a table

    sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable

    sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);

    primary key/unique/references table(column)/check

    4.enable constraints

    sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;

    5.enable constraints

    sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;

    第六章：LOAD数据

    1.loading data using direct_load insert

    sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging

    sql> select * from emp_old;

    2.parallel direct-load insert

    sql> alter session enable parallel dml;

    sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging

    sql> select * from emp_old;

    3.using sql*loader

    sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \

    sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \

    sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true