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  • mysql中OPTIMIZE TABLE的作用

     在使用mysql的时候有时候,可能会发现尽管一张表删除了许多数据,但是这张表表的数据文件和索引文件却奇怪的没有变小。这是因为mysql在删除数据(特别是有Text和BLOB)的时候,会留下许多的数据空洞,这些空洞会占据原来数据的空间,所以文件的大小没有改变。这些空洞在以后插入数据的时候可能会被再度利用起来,当然也有可能一直存在。这种空洞不仅额外增加了存储代价,同时也因为数据碎片化降低了表的扫描效率。

    1、先来看看多次删除插入操作后的表索引情况

    mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
    | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
    | tbl_name | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | StepID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | FlowID | 1 | FlowID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerCount | 1 | WagerCount | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 1 | WagerID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 2 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 1 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 2 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 1 | WagerID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 2 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
    11 rows in set (0.01 sec)

    2、优化表

    mysql> optimize table tbl_name;
    +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
    | Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |
    +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
    | test.tbl_name | optimize | status | OK |
    +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
    1 row in set (40.60 sec)

    3、再来看看优化后的效果

    mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
    | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
    | tbl_name | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | StepID | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | FlowID | 1 | FlowID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerCount | 1 | WagerCount | A | 4311 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 1 | WagerID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 2 | StepType | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 172462 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 1 | StepType | A | 9 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 2 | ParamResult | A | 86231 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 1 | WagerID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 2 | StepType | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
    | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 172462 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
    +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+

    最后,来看看手册中关于 OPTIMIZE 的描述:

    OPTIMIZE [LOCAL | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG] TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...

    如果您已经删除了表的一大部分,或者如果您已经对含有可变长度行的表(含有VARCHAR, BLOB或TEXT列的表)进行了很多更改,则应使用
    OPTIMIZE TABLE。被删除的记录被保持在链接清单中,后续的INSERT操作会重新使用旧的记录位置。您可以使用OPTIMIZE TABLE来重新
    利用未使用的空间,并整理数据文件的碎片。

    在多数的设置中,您根本不需要运行OPTIMIZE TABLE。即使您对可变长度的行进行了大量的更新,您也不需要经常运行,每周一次或每月一次
    即可,只对特定的表运行。

    OPTIMIZE TABLE只对MyISAM, BDB和InnoDB表起作用。

    注意,在OPTIMIZE TABLE运行过程中,MySQL会锁定表。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ning-blogs/p/5127328.html
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