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  • 安装mysql

       MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发,目前属于 Oracle 旗下公司。MySQL 最流行的关系型数据库管理系统,在 WEB 应用方面MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System,关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。

    一、Window版本

    1、下载

    1 MySQL Community Server 5.7.16
    2  
    3 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

    2、解压

    如果想要让MySQL安装在指定目录,那么就将解压后的文件夹移动到指定目录,如:C:mysql-5.7.16-winx64

    3、初始化

    MySQL解压后的 bin 目录下有一大堆的可执行文件,执行如下命令初始化数据:

    1 cd c:mysql-5.7.16-winx64in
    2  
    3 mysqld --initialize-insecure

    4、启动MySQL服务

    执行命令从而启动MySQL服务

    1 # 进入可执行文件目录
    2 cd c:mysql-5.7.16-winx64in
    3  
    4 # 启动MySQL服务
    5 mysqld

    5、启动MySQL客户端并连接MySQL服务

    由于初始化时使用的【mysqld --initialize-insecure】命令,其默认未给root账户设置密码

    1 # 进入可执行文件目录
    2 cd c:mysql-5.7.16-winx64in
    3  
    4 # 连接MySQL服务器
    5 mysql -u root -p
    6  
    7 # 提示请输入密码,直接回车

    输入回车,见下图表示安装成功:

    到此为止,MySQL服务端已经安装成功并且客户端已经可以连接上,以后再操作MySQL时,只需要重复上述4、5步骤即可。但是,在4、5步骤中重复的进入可执行文件目录比较繁琐,如想日后操作简便,可以做如下操作。

    a. 添加环境变量

    将MySQL可执行文件添加到环境变量中,从而执行执行命令即可

    【右键计算机】--》【属性】--》【高级系统设置】--》【高级】--》【环境变量】--》【在第二个内容框中找到 变量名为Path 的一行,双击】 --> 【将MySQL的bin目录路径追加到变值值中,用 ; 分割】
     
    如:
    C:Program Files (x86)ParallelsParallels ToolsApplications;%SystemRoot%system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%System32Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%System32WindowsPowerShellv1.0;C:Python27;C:Python35;C:mysql-5.7.16-winx64in

    如此一来,以后再启动服务并连接时,仅需:

    1 # 启动MySQL服务,在终端输入
    2 mysqld
    3  
    4 # 连接MySQL服务,在终端输入:
    5 mysql -u root -p

    b. 将MySQL服务制作成windows服务

    上一步解决了一些问题,但不够彻底,因为在执行【mysqd】启动MySQL服务器时,当前终端会被hang住,那么做一下设置即可解决此问题:

    1 # 制作MySQL的Windows服务,在终端执行此命令:
    2 "c:mysql-5.7.16-winx64inmysqld" --install
    3  
    4 # 移除MySQL的Windows服务,在终端执行此命令:
    5 "c:mysql-5.7.16-winx64inmysqld" --remove

    注册成服务之后,以后再启动和关闭MySQL服务时,仅需执行如下命令:

    1 # 启动MySQL服务
    2 net start mysql
    3  
    4 # 关闭MySQL服务
    5 net stop mysql

    二、Linux版本

    1、采用二进制包安装mysql

    二进制软件包名称

    mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x8.6_64.tar.gz 

    添加用户和组

    groupadd mysql
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
    tail -1 /etc/passwd
    id mysql

    开始安装MySQL

     1 [root@template ]# mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
     2 [root@template ]# cd /home/oldboy/tools
     3 [root@template tools]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
     4 [root@template tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 
     5 [root@template tools]# mkdir -p /application/
     6 [root@template tools]# mv mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.49
     7 [root@template tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
     8 [root@template tools]# ls -l /application/mysql
     9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 10月 27 10:28 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.49/
    10 
    11 [root@template tools]# cd /application/mysql/
    12 [root@template mysql]# ls -l support-files/*.cnf
    13 -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 wheel  4691 3月   1 2016 support-files/my-huge.cnf
    14 -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 wheel 19759 3月   1 2016 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
    15 -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 wheel  4665 3月   1 2016 support-files/my-large.cnf
    16 -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 wheel  4676 3月   1 2016 support-files/my-medium.cnf
    17 -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 wheel  2840 3月   1 2016 support-files/my-small.cnf
    18 
    19 #复制my.cnf 配置文件
    20 [root@template mysql]# /bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    21 [root@template mysql]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
    22 [root@template mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
    View Code

    初始化数据库

     1 [root@template mysql]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql
     2 Installing MySQL system tables...
     3 161027 10:30:22 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.49) starting as process 1958 ...
     4 OK
     5 Filling help tables...
     6 161027 10:30:23 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.49) starting as process 1965 ...
     7 OK
     8 
     9 To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
    10 support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
    11 
    12 PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
    13 To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
    14 
    15 /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
    16 /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h template.com password 'new-password'
    17 
    18 Alternatively you can run:
    19 /application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
    20 
    21 which will also give you the option of removing the test
    22 databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
    23 strongly recommended for production servers.
    24 
    25 See the manual for more instructions.
    26 
    27 You can start the MySQL daemon with:
    28 cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
    29 
    30 You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
    31 cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
    32 
    33 Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
    View Code

    添加数据库文件

    1 [root@template mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
    2 [root@template mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
    3 [root@template mysql]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld 
    4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10880 Oct 27 10:31 /etc/init.d/mysqld

    二进制默认路径为/usr/local/mysql 启动脚本里面的路径要更改

    1 [root@template mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld

    启动mysql数据库

    1 [root@template mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
    2 Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

    检查mysql数据库是否启动

    1 [root@template mysql]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
    2 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2224/mysqld       

    设置mysql 开机自启动

    1 [root@template mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
    2 [root@template mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
    3 [root@template mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
    4 mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

    配置开机自启动

    1 echo "#mysql start by huzhihua at 2016-10-27" >>/etc/rc.local 
    2 echo "/etc/init.d/mysqld start" >>/etc/rc.local 
    3 
    4 [root@template mysql]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local 
    5 #mysql start by huzhihua at 2016-10-27
    6 /etc/init.d/mysqld start

    配置mysql命令的全局使用路径

    1 [root@template mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
    2 [root@template mysql]# tail -1 /etc/profile
    3 export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
    4 [root@template mysql]# source /etc/profile
    5 [root@template mysql]# echo $PATH
    6 /application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

    登录mysql

    别外三种登录方法:

     1 mysql -uroot -p,
     2 mysql -uroot
     3 mysql -uroot -p 'oldboy123'
     4 
     5 [root@template mysql]# mysql
     6 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
     7 Your MySQL connection id is 1
     8 Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
     9 
    10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    11 
    12 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    13 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    14 owners.
    15 
    16 Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    17 
    18 mysql> exit   #退出

    请退出mysql,再设置密码

    mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

    2、采用yum的方式安装mysql

    安装:

    1
    yum install mysql-server  

    服务端启动

    1
    mysql.server start
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/nulige/p/6020435.html
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