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  • 爬虫:通过滑动或者点触验证码的方法及实现(点触+滑动)

    一、极验验证码(geetest)的三种验证模式

    以极验官网登录(https://auth.geetest.com/login/)为例:

     在点击 “点击按钮进行验证”按钮后,会出现三种情况

    1.点击直接通过

    在一段时间的前几次登录时,点击按钮,会直接通过验证:

    2.点击出现滑动验证码

    登录几次后,再次登录时,就会出现滑动验证码:

     3.点击出现点触验证码:

    登录过多时,就会出现点触验证码,这也是极验最难的一种验证码:

     

     二、分析

    利用Python的selenium模块进行自动登录。

    1.判断是否通过验证:

    有一个类名为geetest_success_radar_tip的div标签,在加载后内容为空,验证成功后,内容变为“验证成功”,可以通过其内容来判断,是否验证成功。

    
    


    下面是我截取的自己写的一段代码,主要是表达出含义,没有截取所有代码,理解就好:
        
    self.success = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.geetest_success_radar_tip') # 获取显示结果的标签 def is_success(self): time.sleep(1) if self.success.text == "验证成功": return True else: return False
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

     2.点击直接通过

    在点击“点击验证按钮”后,对是否验证成功进行一次判断,如果验证通过,则可以进行下一步动作。

    3.滑动验证

    滑动验证的标签是canvas,类名是geetest_canvas_slice,在点击“点击验证”后,如果是滑动验证,这个标签将会被加载,如果不是,则这个标签不会被加载。

    所以可以通过查看是否存在这个标签,来判断验证是否是滑动验证:

        def is_slide(self):
            time.sleep(1)
            try:
                slie_img = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('canvas.geetest_canvas_slice')
                if slie_img:
                    return slie_img
            except NoSuchElementException:
                return False
    如果是滑动验证,则可以通过比对有缺口图片和原图片,从而确定缺口的位置,然后模拟滑动滑块,从而达到验证的目的。具体操作,我在上一篇随笔中已经写过,请参考:
    https://www.cnblogs.com/ohahastudy/p/11493971.html
    
    

    4.点触验证

    和滑动验证类似,点触验证可以通过判断是否存在类名为geetest_item_img的img标签来判断该验证为点触验证。

        def is_pick(self):
            try:
                pick_img = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('img.geetest_item_img')
                return pick_img
            except NoSuchElementException:
                return False

    保存该图片后,我们可以发现,该图片实际上是由两部分组成:
    
    

     图片中验证码的识别,我是通过超级鹰这个平台来识别的。按照超级鹰的文档,将图片发过去,并指明类型,在几秒之后会返回一个结果,内容含有需要识别模块的坐标,而其顺序也是按照上图中白色部分指定的顺序,可以说是非常贴心了。

    获取坐标后,将坐标提取出来,然后通过模拟点击即可。

    三、具体实现:

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    from PIL import Image
    from six import BytesIO
    import time
    from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
    from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
    import requests
    import chaojiying  #超级鹰提供的模块,需要去官网下载
    
    
    class Verifycode():
    
        def __init__(self):
            self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    
        def get_url(self, url, user, password):
            self.browser.get(url)
            self.browser.maximize_window()
            wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)
            wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_radar_btn')))
            user_input, pwd_input, *_ = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('input.ivu-input')
            print(user_input)
            btn = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.geetest_radar_btn')
            user_input.send_keys(user)
            pwd_input.send_keys(password)
            btn.click()
            time.sleep(1)
            self.success = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.geetest_success_radar_tip')  # 获取显示结果的标签
    
        def is_success(self):
            time.sleep(1)
            if self.success.text == "验证成功":
                return True
            else:
                return False
    
        def get_position(self, img_label):
            location = img_label.location
            size = img_label.size
            top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size[
                'width']
            return (left, top, right, bottom)
    
        def get_screenshot(self):
            screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
            f = BytesIO()
            f.write(screenshot)
            return Image.open(f)
    
        def get_position_scale(self, screen_shot):
            height = self.browser.execute_script('return document.documentElement.clientHeight')
            width = self.browser.execute_script('return document.documentElement.clientWidth')
            x_scale = screen_shot.size[0] / (width + 10)
            y_scale = screen_shot.size[1] / (height)
            return (x_scale, y_scale)
    
        def get_slideimg_screenshot(self, screenshot, position, scale):
            x_scale, y_scale = scale
            position = [position[0] * x_scale, position[1] * y_scale, position[2] * x_scale, position[3] * y_scale]
            return screenshot.crop(position)
    
        def compare_pixel(self, img1, img2, x, y):
            pixel1 = img1.load()[x, y]
            pixel2 = img2.load()[x, y]
            threshold = 50
            if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) <= threshold:
                if abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) <= threshold:
                    if abs(pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) <= threshold:
                        return True
            return False
    
        def compare(self, full_img, slice_img):
            left = 65
            for i in range(full_img.size[0]):
                for j in range(full_img.size[1]):
                    if not self.compare_pixel(full_img, slice_img, i, j):
                        return i
            return left
    
        def get_track(self, distance):
            """
            根据偏移量获取移动轨迹
            :param distance: 偏移量
            :return: 移动轨迹
            """
            # 移动轨迹
            track = []
            # 当前位移
            current = 0
            # 减速阈值
            mid = distance * 4 / 5
            # 计算间隔
            t = 0.2
            # 初速度
            v = 0
    
            while current < distance:
                if current < mid:
                    # 加速度为正 2
                    a = 4
                else:
                    # 加速度为负 3
                    a = -3
                # 初速度 v0
                v0 = v
                # 当前速度 v = v0 + at
                v = v0 + a * t
                # 移动距离 x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2
                move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t
                # 当前位移
                current += move
                # 加入轨迹
                track.append(round(move))
            return track
    
        def move_to_gap(self, slider, tracks):
            """
            拖动滑块到缺口处
            :param slider: 滑块
            :param tracks: 轨迹
            :return:
            """
            ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
            for x in tracks:
                ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
            time.sleep(0.5)
            ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
    
        def is_slide(self):
            time.sleep(1)
            try:
                slie_img = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('canvas.geetest_canvas_slice')
                if slie_img:
                    return slie_img
            except NoSuchElementException:
                return False
    
        def slide_code(self):
            slice_img_label = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('div.geetest_slicebg')  # 找到滑动图片标签
            self.browser.execute_script(
                "document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_slice')[0].style['display'] = 'none'")  # 将小块隐藏
            full_img_label = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('canvas.geetest_canvas_fullbg')  # 原始图片的标签
            position = self.get_position(slice_img_label)  # 获取滑动验证图片的位置
            screenshot = self.get_screenshot()  # 截取整个浏览器图片
            position_scale = self.get_position_scale(screenshot)  # 获取截取图片宽高和浏览器宽高的比例
            slice_img = self.get_slideimg_screenshot(screenshot, position, position_scale)  # 截取有缺口的滑动验证图片
    
            self.browser.execute_script(
                "document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style['display'] = 'block'")  # 显示原图
            screenshot = self.get_screenshot()  # 获取整个浏览器图片
            full_img = self.get_slideimg_screenshot(screenshot, position, position_scale)  # 截取原图
            self.browser.execute_script(
                "document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_slice')[0].style['display'] = 'block'")  # 将小块重新显示
            left = self.compare(full_img, slice_img)  # 将原图与有缺口图片进行比对,获得缺口的最左端的位置
            left = left / position_scale[0]  # 将该位置还原为浏览器中的位置
    
            slide_btn = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.geetest_slider_button')  # 获取滑动按钮
            track = self.get_track(left)  # 获取滑动的轨迹
            self.move_to_gap(slide_btn, track)  # 进行滑动
            time.sleep(2)
    
        def is_pick(self):
            try:
                pick_img = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('img.geetest_item_img')
                return pick_img
            except NoSuchElementException:
                return False
    
        def pick_code(self):
            time.sleep(1)
            pick_img_label = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('img.geetest_item_img') #获取点触图片标签
            src = pick_img_label.get_attribute('src')  #获取点触图片链接
            img_content = requests.get(src).content  #获取图片二进制内容
            f = BytesIO()
            f.write(img_content)
            img0 = Image.open(f)  #将图片以文件的形式打开,主要是为了获取图片的大小
            scale = [pick_img_label.size['width'] / img0.size[0], pick_img_label.size['height'] / img0.size[1]] #获取图片与浏览器该标签大小的比例
            cjy = chaojiying.Chaojiying_Client('*******', '******', '901489') #登录超级鹰
            result = cjy.PostPic(img_content, '9005') #发送图片并获取结果
            if result['err_no'] == 0:  #对结果进行分析
                position = result['pic_str'].split('|')  # position = ['110,234','145,247','25,185']
                position = [[int(j) for j in i.split(',')] for i in position]  # position = [[110,234],[145,247],[25,185]]
                for items in position:  #模拟点击
                    ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(pick_img_label, items[0] * scale[0],
                                                                           items[1] * scale[1]).click().perform()
                    time.sleep(1)
                certern_btn = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('div.geetest_commit_tip')
                certern_btn.click()
            return cjy,result
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    
        verifycode = Verifycode()
        verifycode.get_url('https://gtaccount.geetest.com/', '11', '11')
        if verifycode.is_success():
            print('success')
        elif verifycode.is_slide():
            verifycode.slide_code()
            if verifycode.is_success():
                print('slide success')
            else:
                print('slide failure')
        elif verifycode.is_pick():
            cjy,result = verifycode.pick_code()
            if verifycode.is_success():
                print('pick click success')
            else:
                print('pick click failure')
                if result['err_no'] == 0:
                    r = cjy.ReportError(result['pic_id'])
                    print(r)



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ohahastudy/p/11518256.html
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