Python模块制作与发布

Python模块制作与发布

如果希望自己开发的模块，分享 给其他人，可以按照以下步骤操作

新建包名为hello，此模块的全部功能由request.py和response.py两个文件完成。

目录结构：

.
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

• request.py文件

def hello():
    print("请求调用我")

• response.py文件

from hello.request import hello

def res():
    hello()
    print("已经响应了")

def main():  # 测试
    res()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

• __init__.py文件

from . import request
from . import response

注：这里使用的是Python3.x的解释器。

1. 制作发布压缩包步骤

1) 创建 setup.py

• setup.py 的文件

from distutils.core import setup

# 多值的字典参数，setup是一个函数
setup(name="Hello",  # 包名
      version="1.0",  # 版本
      description="a simple example",  # 描述信息
      long_description="简单的模块发布例子",  # 完整描述信息
      author="onefine",  # 作者
      author_email="188302531@qq.com",  # 作者邮箱
      url="www.onefine.top",  # 主页
      py_modules=["hello.request",
                  "hello.response"])  # 记录包中包中包含的所有模块

有关字典参数的详细信息，可以参阅官方网站：https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html

2) 构建模块

构建模块命令如下

$ python3 setup.py build

如果出现下面情况

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 1, in <module>
    from distutils.core import setup
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils.core'

因为ubuntu-18.10 默认没有安装 pip ，需要安装 python3-pip

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
[sudo] onefine 的密码：

输入密码，耐心等待安装之后重新构建模块：

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ 

同样，若出现下面情况，请安装ipython3

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3

Command 'ipython3' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install ipython3

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo apt install ipython3

3) 生成发布压缩包

生成发布压缩包命令如下

$ python3 setup.py sdist

执行如下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py sdist
running sdist
running check
warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)

warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt

writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating Hello-1.0
creating Hello-1.0/hello
making hard links in Hello-1.0...
hard linking setup.py -> Hello-1.0
hard linking hello/__init__.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/request.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/response.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'Hello-1.0' (and everything under it)
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ 

注意：要制作哪个版本的模块，就使用哪个版本的解释器执行！这里使用的是Python3.x。

查看一下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist -a -l
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 .
drwxrwxr-x 7 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ 

Hello-1.0.tar.gz就是发布的模块，自己开发的模块制作完成。

3. 安装模块

解压

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist/ -l
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ cd dist/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tar -zxzf Hello-1.0.tar.gz 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ ls -l
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

1 directory, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ 

安装

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ sudo python3 /Hello-1.0/setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/request.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/response.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/request.py to request.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/response.py to response.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-36.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- build [error opening dir]
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

2 directories, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ 

测试

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import hello

In [2]: hello.response.res()
请求调用我
已经响应了

In [3]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ 

卸载模块
直接从安装目录下，把安装模块的 目录 删除就可以

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 16
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
drwxr-sr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 hello
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm -r hello*
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 12
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ cat Hello-1.0.egg-info 
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: Hello
Version: 1.0
Summary: a simple example
Home-page: www.onefine.top
Author: onefine
Author-email: 188302531@qq.com
License: UNKNOWN
Description: 简单的模块发布例子
Platform: UNKNOWN
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm Hello-1.0.egg-info 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 8
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ 

删除成功，要不再来测试一下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import hello
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-f81fb083bdeb> in <module>()
----> 1 import hello

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'hello'

In [2]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ 

至此，模块安装从入门到卸载完成。

4. 使用 pip 安装第三方模块

第三方模块 通常是指由 知名的第三方团队 开发的 并且被 程序员广泛使用 的 Python 包 / 模块,例如 pygame 就是一套非常成熟的 游戏开发模块

• pip 是一个现代的，通用的 Python 包管理工具
• 提供了对 Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载等功能

安装和卸载命令如下：

# 将模块安装到 Python 2.x 环境
$ sudo pip install pygame
$ sudo pip uninstall pygame

# 将模块安装到 Python 3.x 环境
$ sudo pip3 install pygame
$ sudo pip3 uninstall pygame

在 Mac 下安装 iPython

$ sudo pip install ipython

在 Linux 下安装 iPython

$ sudo apt install ipython
$ sudo apt install ipython3