1. 环境说明
系统：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
数据库版本：mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
软件存放目录：/server/tools/
软件安装目录：/application/
2. 安装准备
2.1 创建目录
mkdir -p /application /server/tools
2.2 下载软件包
cd /server/tools/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3. 安装
3.1 卸载MariaDB
安装之前先卸载CentOS 7 自带的MariaDB。
-
检查MariaDB是否安装
yum list installed | grep mariadb -
卸载
yum -y remove mariadb*
3.2 安装MySQL
首先安装依赖包:
yum -y install ncurses-devel libaio-devel numactl
解压软件包到指定目录：
tar xf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/
查看解压结果：
[root@VM-0-16-centos application]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 4月 2 17:59 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
更改名称（可选）：
mv mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
创建MySQL用户：
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
初始化数据库：
# 注意提前创建data目录
cd /application/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --basedir=/application/mysql
# 输出信息（注意生成的随机密码）
2021-04-07T06:08:32.380134Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-04-07T06:08:32.769771Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-04-07T06:08:32.878632Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-04-07T06:08:33.179879Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ae9bb898-9767-11eb-8083-5254004ea4fa.
2021-04-07T06:08:33.189863Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-04-07T06:08:34.198722Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-04-07T06:08:34.514763Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5,ctwHmg/qv4
配置文件
注意：从 5.7.18 开始不在二进制包中提供 my-default.cnf 文件,需要自己去创建my.cnf文件。
说明：
my.cnf文件可以自定义位置，也可以放在默认位置，MySQL会自动读取。
默认位置：
| 文件名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /etc/my.cnf | 全局选项 |
| /etc/mysql/my.cnf | 全局选项 |
| SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf | 全局选项 |
| $MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf | 服务器特定选项（仅限服务器） |
| defaults-extra-file | 指定的文件 --defaults-extra-file，如果有的话 |
| ~/.my.cnf | 用户特定选项 |
| ~/.mylogin.cnf | 用户特定的登录路径选项（仅限客户端） |
my.cnf配置文件：
模板：
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /application/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /application/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file = /application/mysql/mysql.pid
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /application/mysql/data
tmpdir = /application/mysql/tmp
character_set_server = utf8mb4
user = mysql
log-error=/application/mysql/logs/error.log
max_connections = 1000
binlog_format = ROW
server-id = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
expire-logs-days = 15
max_binlog_size = 1024M
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
master_info_repository = TABLE
[mysql]
auto-rehash
根据配置文件创建目录或文件：
mkdir /application/mysql/logs /application/mysql/tmp/
touch /application/mysql/mysql.pid
touch /application/mysql/mysql.sock
修改/application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server文件
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/application/mysql/data
授权目录
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql
复制启动文件：
cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
添加系统服务
chkconfig --add mysqld
启动服务：
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl status mysqld.service
#显示结果
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2021-04-07 14:50:38 CST; 3s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 9138 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─9138 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
4月 07 14:50:38 VM-0-16-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
添加命令：
echo 'PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
更改密码及用户权限
mysql -uroot -p5,ctwHmg/qv4 #使用随机生成的密码
#修改密码
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 执行完上面的命令后还是无法远程连接，还需要更改用户权限
use mysql #访问mysql库
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; #使root能再任何host访问
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;