【转】Maven的安装与使用(ubuntu)

原文： http://www.cnblogs.com/yunwuzhan/p/5900311.html

https://maven.apache.org/guides/getting-started/maven-in-five-minutes.html

Maven in 5 Minutes

Prerequisites

You must have an understanding of how to install software on your computer. If you do not know how to do this, please ask someone at your office, school, etc or pay someone to explain this to you. The Maven mailing lists are not the best place to ask for this advice.

Installation

Maven is a Java tool, so you must have Java installed in order to proceed.

First, download Maven and follow the installation instructions. After that, type the following in a terminal or in a command prompt:

1. mvn --version

It should print out your installed version of Maven, for example:

1. Apache Maven 3.0.5 (r01de14724cdef164cd33c7c8c2fe155faf9602da; 2013-02-19 14:51:28+0100)
2. Maven home: D:apache-maven-3.0.5in..
3. Java version: 1.6.0_25, vendor: Sun Microsystems Inc.
4. Java home: C:Program FilesJavajdk1.6.0_25jre
5. Default locale: nl_NL, platform encoding: Cp1252
6. OS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"

Depending upon your network setup, you may require extra configuration. Check out the Guide to Configuring Maven if necessary.

If you are using Windows, you should look at Windows Prerequisites to ensure that you are prepared to use Maven on Windows.

Creating a Project

You will need somewhere for your project to reside, create a directory somewhere and start a shell in that directory. On your command line, execute the following Maven goal:

1. mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-app -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

If you have just installed Maven, it may take a while on the first run. This is because Maven is downloading the most recent artifacts (plugin jars and other files) into your local repository. You may also need to execute the command a couple of times before it succeeds. This is because the remote server may time out before your downloads are complete. Don't worry, there are ways to fix that.

You will notice that the generate goal created a directory with the same name given as the artifactId. Change into that directory.

1. cd my-app

Under this directory you will notice the following standard project structure.

The src/main/java directory contains the project source code, the src/test/java directory contains the test source, and the pom.xml file is the project's Project Object Model, or POM.

The POM

The pom.xml file is the core of a project's configuration in Maven. It is a single configuration file that contains the majority of information required to build a project in just the way you want. The POM is huge and can be daunting in its complexity, but it is not necessary to understand all of the intricacies just yet to use it effectively. This project's POM is:

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4.  
5. <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
6. <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
7. <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
9.  
10. <name>Maven Quick Start Archetype</name>
11. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
12.  
13. <dependencies>
14. <dependency>
15. <groupId>junit</groupId>
16. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
17. <version>4.8.2</version>
18. <scope>test</scope>
19. </dependency>
20. </dependencies>
21. </project>

What did I just do?

You executed the Maven goal archetype:generate, and passed in various parameters to that goal. The prefix archetype is the plugin that contains the goal. If you are familiar with Ant, you may conceive of this as similar to a task. This goal created a simple project based upon an archetype. Suffice it to say for now that a plugin is a collection of goals with a general common purpose. For example the jboss-maven-plugin, whose purpose is "deal with various jboss items".

Build the Project

1. mvn package

The command line will print out various actions, and end with the following:

1. ...
2. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
4. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. [INFO] Total time: 2 seconds
6. [INFO] Finished at: Thu Jul 07 21:34:52 CEST 2011
7. [INFO] Final Memory: 3M/6M
8. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unlike the first command executed (archetype:generate) you may notice the second is simply a single word - package. Rather than a goal, this is a phase. A phase is a step in the build lifecycle, which is an ordered sequence of phases. When a phase is given, Maven will execute every phase in the sequence up to and including the one defined. For example, if we execute the compile phase, the phases that actually get executed are:

1. validate
2. generate-sources
3. process-sources
4. generate-resources
5. process-resources
6. compile

You may test the newly compiled and packaged JAR with the following command:

1. java -cp target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.mycompany.app.App

Which will print the quintessential:

1. Hello World!

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Maven的安装与使用(ubuntu)

 

一.安装Maven

　　　　1.下载Maven，http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.3.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz。

　　　　2.解压，移动到相应文件夹：

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

　　　　3.在/etc/profile中配置对应环境变量：

　　　　　　　　

　　　　4.mvn -v查看版本信息

　　　　　　　　

二、Maven的使用及基本了解

　　　　创建java项目：

　　　　

　　　　生成对应目录结构：

　　　　

　　　　1）Maven插件：mvn archetype:generate 就表示调用maven-archetype-plugin的generate目标，实际上就是让maven-archetype-plugin生成一个很简单的项目结构，ubuntu中Ctrl+H可查看隐藏文件，我的插件在/home/zhanyunwu/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin目录下。我们同样可以使用其他插件：，在项目helloworld路径下运行，可发现在项目根目录下多了.classpath和.project文件，该插件使得项目可以导入到eclipse中去。还可以使用archetype插件选择其他模板建立如javaweb项目。

　　　　2)Maven生命周期：除了自己调用插件，也可把相应插件目标与生命周期阶段绑定，来调用插件。例如 在helloworld路径下mvn package 会依次执行默认生命周期中直到包括 package 阶段前的所有阶段的插件目标。如下图，调用编译，测试，打包等插件。