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Orical

Spool 目录  （把sql语句都记录在txt文件中）
spool  e:xxx.txt
Spool off 结束

SQL> --清除屏幕信息
SQL> clear screen

SQL> --查看表空间
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;

 

SQL> --设置sql语句显示的长度
SQL> set linesize 500;
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;



SQL> --创建表空间
SQL> create tablespace   t11
  2  datafile 'E:U2	11.dbf'
  3  size 200m
  4  autoextend on next 20  maxsize unlimited;

表空间已创建。

SQL> select * from v$tablespace;

SQL> --查看表空间 是否是 自动扩容
SQL> select tablespace_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;



SQL> --取消自动扩容
SQL> alter  database datafile 'E:U2	11.dbf'  autoextend off;

数据库已更改。



SQL> --开启
SQL> alter  database datafile 'E:U2	11.dbf'  autoextend on;

数据库已更改。



SQL> --删除表空间
SQL> drop  tablespace t11;

表空间已删除。

SQL> select * from v$tablespace;

SQL> --只是删除了表空间  但是数据文件还在
SQL> --删除表空间的同时，删除数据文件 
SQL> drop  tablespace t11 including contents and datafiles;

删除表空间，文件还在！

删除文件，用户还在！

都删除必须使用下面的！

drop tablespace 空间名
including contents and datafiles
cascade constraint
drop user 用户名 cascade

SQL> --创建用户 并且分配默认的表空间  如果没有指定 则在users表空间中
SQL> create  user wym identified by wym default tablespace t10 ;

用户已创建。

SQL> --授权
SQL> grant connect,resource to t11;

授权成功。

SQL> --切换用户
SQL> conn  wym/wym;

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
已连接。
SQL> --使用dba  查询所有的用户名以及默认的表空间   
SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;

--更换用户的默认表空间
alter user 用户名  default tablespace 表空间的名称！

--修改用户名密码
SQL> alter user 用户名 identified by 新密码

SQL> --删除用户  以及相关的所有信息
SQL> drop  user t11 cascade;

create table DEPT
(
  deptno NUMBER(2) not null,
  dname  VARCHAR2(20),
  loc    VARCHAR2(13)
);

  
alter table DEPT
  add constraint PK_DEPT primary key (DEPTNO);

create table TEACHER
(
  tno       NUMBER(4) not null,
  tname     VARCHAR2(30) not null,
  tid       CHAR(18),
  gendar    CHAR(3),
  birthdate DATE,
  job       VARCHAR2(20),
  hiredate  DATE,
  sal       NUMBER(7,2),
  deptno    NUMBER(2),
  mgrno     NUMBER(4),
  comm      NUMBER(7,2)
);
 需要的sql语句
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (40, '人力部', '北京海淀');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (30, '产品部', '北京海淀');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (20, '招生部', '上海虹桥');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (10, '研究院', '北京海淀');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (50, '系统部', '北京昌平');
commit;

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1002, '赵辉', '110101760609001   ', '男', to_date('09-06-1976', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('23-05-2006 02:40:40', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 29370.95, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1003, '杨利乐', '110101198705256045', '女', to_date('25-05-1987', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7134.32, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1004, '王益辉', '110101199108154770', '男', to_date('15-08-1991', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('16-01-2012 03:12:43', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 30737.36, 20, null, 2300.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1006, '秦璐璐', '110101199004153068', '女', to_date('14-04-1990', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('20-06-2012 00:47:09', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 9013.25, 10, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1007, '梁改焕', '110101196911206548', '女', to_date('20-11-1969', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('13-06-2006 23:07:02', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 8664.16, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1008, '冯爱仙', '110101196804021521', '女', to_date('02-04-1968', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('06-06-2006 13:41:50', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 29936.29, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1009, '秦亚杰', '110101196312163531', '男', to_date('16-12-1963', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('13-07-2005 06:32:30', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24991.44, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1010, '刘浩星', '110101198806283516', '男', to_date('28-06-1988', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 22645.92, null, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1011, '秦春叶', '110101197103033540', '女', to_date('03-03-1971', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('07-07-2007 16:02:04', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 31653.23, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1012, '陈水花', '110101192811043026', '女', to_date('04-11-1928', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('29-01-2005 23:21:59', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 29773.37, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1013, '马付妮', '110101195806133522', '女', to_date('13-06-1958', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('17-11-2004 08:54:04', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 17041.60, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1015, '刘得安', '110101195210083518', '男', to_date('08-10-1952', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('13-03-2005 23:25:37', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 30356.99, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1016, '高利芹', '110101198307276020', '女', to_date('27-07-1983', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 25751.36, null, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1017, '刘志刚', '110101197806164493', '男', to_date('16-06-1978', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('10-05-2008 13:46:33', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 22344.73, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1018, '高心立', '110101194102076011', '男', to_date('07-02-1941', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('03-03-2005 15:17:07', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 19981.02, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1019, '徐丽', '11010119790809354X', '男', to_date('09-08-1979', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('09-12-2009 18:37:22', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 10950.33, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1021, '刘志红', '110101196504284452', '男', to_date('28-04-1965', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('20-09-2011 10:51:33', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7122.60, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1022, '孔鹏飞', '110101198603304014', '男', to_date('30-03-1986', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '人力资源师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7045.28, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1023, '李建坡', '110101731107301   ', '男', to_date('07-11-1973', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('04-07-2009 06:28:20', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 21133.91, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1024, '冯爱敏', '110101196907283840', '女', to_date('18-07-1969', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('12-09-2005 22:41:06', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 3360.91, 20, null, 50000.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1025, '薛栓成', '110101400710051   ', '男', to_date('10-07-1940', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('03-09-2007 14:55:06', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 12136.65, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1026, '牛伟伟', '11010119851120602X', '女', to_date('20-11-1985', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 6622.66, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1027, '郭香云', '110101196010154525', '女', to_date('15-10-1960', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('03-05-2005 13:01:22', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 26436.18, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1028, '朱花枝', '110101195605154028', '女', to_date('15-05-1956', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('11-09-2007 07:41:01', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 10095.22, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1029, '李岗', '110101196505163095', '男', to_date('16-05-1965', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('09-11-2007 17:26:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 23928.84, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1030, '李军会', '110101197706152524', '男', to_date('15-06-1977', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('12-05-2007 19:48:21', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 3492.19, 20, null, 25000.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1031, '孙龙举', '110101198908306037', '男', to_date('30-08-1989', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 4323.84, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1032, '韩朝旭', '110101199003270513', '男', to_date('27-03-1900', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '人力资源师', to_date('11-09-2010 17:54:30', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 13740.92, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1033, '孙少光', '110101198809274535', '男', to_date('27-09-1988', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 19778.62, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1035, '邓香敏', '110101196607163109', '女', to_date('16-07-1966', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '人力资源师', to_date('12-04-2007 17:47:14', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 29463.38, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1037, '霍振方', '110101198411070014', '男', to_date('07-11-1984', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 23731.31, 40, 1087, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1038, '许双鸽', '110101781217004   ', '女', to_date('17-12-1978', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('05-09-2007 18:45:00', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 16512.52, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1040, '张春红', '110101197806176089', '女', to_date('17-06-1978', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('21-11-2004 06:52:30', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 31728.83, 10, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1041, '卢玉莲', '110101510606004   ', '女', to_date('06-06-1951', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '人力资源师', to_date('30-03-2009 17:05:45', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 17596.43, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1042, '李军会', '110101197706152524', '男', to_date('15-06-1977', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('13-06-2008 03:24:47', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 8443.59, 50, 1008, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1043, '朱水娃', '110101195210033512', '男', to_date('03-10-1952', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('11-10-2009 03:40:53', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 9123.09, 30, 1008, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1045, '高大荣', '110101195504073528', '女', to_date('07-04-1955', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('07-12-2005 14:56:05', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 4000.00, 10, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1046, '秦付根', '110101195301034035', '男', to_date('03-01-1953', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('10-12-2004 22:51:51', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 16420.33, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1047, '樊增妮', '110101410715352   ', '女', to_date('15-07-1941', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('02-12-2005 14:41:54', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 13316.01, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1048, '宋素敏', '11010119720111458X', '女', to_date('11-02-1972', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('26-09-2004 12:15:57', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 2142.92, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1049, '李记', '110101194803256012', '男', to_date('25-03-1948', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('23-03-2006 19:12:45', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 13866.09, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1050, '秦单风', '110101198911153625', '女', to_date('15-11-1989', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('21-10-2012 05:31:34', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 21419.38, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1051, '秦占豪', '110101198509034011', '男', to_date('03-09-1985', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 31564.79, 40, 1087, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1054, '张利娟', '110101197901173062', '女', to_date('17-01-1979', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('08-05-2011 22:37:13', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7419.99, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1055, '陈向琼', '11010119871010354X', '男', to_date('10-10-1987', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 4000.00, 10, 1087, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1056, '杨晓磊', '110101199105106079', '男', to_date('10-05-1991', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('05-04-2012 22:16:05', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 20812.41, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1057, '黄芳菊', '110101196611133520', '女', to_date('13-11-1966', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('04-07-2008 17:36:20', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 12711.46, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1058, '李红勤', '110101197209084047', '女', to_date('08-09-1972', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('01-03-2007 05:57:34', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 21119.95, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1060, '薛栓成', '110101400710051   ', '男', to_date('10-07-1940', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('22-08-2007 08:06:47', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24544.66, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1061, '高发娃', '110101192905226032', '男', to_date('22-05-1929', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('12-12-2004 22:49:04', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 23458.34, 10, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1062, '李新昌', '110101196403106013', '男', to_date('10-03-1964', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('01-04-2011 18:00:33', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 18605.46, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1065, '赵永刚', '110101197507310014', '男', to_date('31-07-1975', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('05-12-2009 15:00:29', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 3155.96, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1067, '冯世伟', '110101198811154532', '男', to_date('15-11-1988', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 17854.88, 40, 1087, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1068, '张延付', '110101197005233514', '男', to_date('23-05-1970', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('21-05-2009 10:16:16', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24294.43, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1070, '陈粉', '110101195801206040', '女', to_date('20-01-1958', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('29-06-2011 21:27:04', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 17708.56, 20, null, 600.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1071, '张根祥', '110101194412126513', '男', to_date('12-12-1944', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('06-10-2006 12:14:34', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 8802.52, null, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1074, '李秋彩', '110101197411186020', '女', to_date('18-11-1974', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('09-04-2005 01:11:29', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 19315.97, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1075, '李建玲', '110101198110164423', '女', to_date('16-10-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 9023.25, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1076, '张仙', '110101530824316   ', '女', to_date('24-08-1953', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('09-05-2011 11:15:29', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 8654.83, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1077, '朱金典', '110101196810023531', '男', to_date('02-10-1968', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('11-01-2008 11:13:31', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 6687.97, 20, null, 2700.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1079, '孙玉环', '110101195006056047', '女', to_date('05-06-1950', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('17-11-2008 12:48:12', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7490.24, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1080, '邢中景', '110101198208284519', '男', to_date('28-08-1982', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24990.57, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1081, '韩巧真', '110101198404190026', '女', to_date('19-04-1984', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '人力资源师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 9880.26, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1084, '杜巧琴', '110101196201036089', '女', to_date('03-01-1962', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('13-01-2011 16:11:23', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 21655.36, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1085, '席妞娃', '110101194601154026', '女', to_date('15-01-1946', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('15-08-2008 06:36:11', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24615.12, 20, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1087, '薛素粉', '110101196701044528', '女', to_date('04-01-1967', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '讲师', to_date('10-09-2007 06:07:14', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 12357.56, null, 1008, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1088, '王雪英', '110101193311264521', '女', to_date('26-11-1933', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('18-02-2006 23:37:15', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 23670.53, 10, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1089, '刘秀菊', '110101530414306   ', '女', to_date('14-04-1953', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('11-09-2004 18:17:49', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 22608.20, null, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1090, '刘芳芳', '110101198912216025', '女', to_date('21-12-1989', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('10-10-2012 00:24:11', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 9749.45, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1091, '郝方方', '110101198605165580', '女', to_date('16-05-1986', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 5944.72, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1092, '赵利萍', '110101196712063564', '女', to_date('06-12-1967', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('01-08-2006 17:26:08', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 4575.09, 30, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1093, '杨联星', '110101195312284013', '男', to_date('28-12-1953', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '考试专员', to_date('27-10-2009 08:41:47', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 24545.93, 40, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1094, '冯焕', '110101194205093524', '女', to_date('09-05-1942', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '运维工程师', to_date('27-09-2010 18:25:55', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 21391.42, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1096, '杨晓雨', '110101198910070043', '女', to_date('07-10-1989', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '营销专员', to_date('07-08-2013 05:49:14', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 4161.31, 20, null, 2322.00);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1097, '柴帅友', '110101198510254038', '男', to_date('25-10-1985', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '网络营销师', to_date('24-11-2011 16:08:38', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 7805.94, 50, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1098, '韩国强', '110101621016003   ', '男', to_date('16-10-1962', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '研发', to_date('01-09-2007 12:30:52', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 13755.87, null, null, null);

insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM)
values (1099, '王参妮', '11010119490831352X', '女', to_date('31-08-1949', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), '岗位分析师', to_date('11-10-2005 13:17:18', 'dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 26627.94, 30, null, null);

commit;

表约束

--创建表
create table teacher
(
tNo number(4) not null,
tName varchar2(20) not null,
birthday date
);
--查询当前用户下面所有的表
select * from tab;
--查询表中的数据
select * from teacher;
--01.给表中新增两个字段
alter table teacher add(sal number(7,2),wechat varchar2(20));
--02.修改字段的属性
alter table teacher modify(tName varchar2(10));
--03.删除一个字段
alter table teacher drop column wechat;
--04.新增主键
alter table teacher add constraint pk_teacher_tno  primary key(tno);
--05.添加唯一约束
alter  table teacher add constraint uk_teacher_tname unique(tname);
--06.增加一个性别字段
alter table teacher add(sax char(2));
--07.修改字段的名称
alter  table  teacher   rename column sax to sex;
--08.增加sex字段的检查约束
alter table teacher add constraint ck_teacher_sex check(sex in('男','女'));
--09.删除检查约束
alter table teacher drop constraint ck_teacher_sex;
--10.创建外键约束 在student 从表中创建
create  table  student
(
sNo  number(4) not null primary key,
tNum  number(4) not null
)

alter  table  student add constraint fk_teacher_student foreign key(tNum)
references teacher(tNo);

序列和伪表

--sql  分类
DDL 数据定义语言
  create  alter drop  truncate
DML 数据操作语言
  insert delete update  select
TCL  事务控制语言
  commit rollback 
DCL 数据控制语言
grant revoke

--创建序列
create sequence sq_teacher_tno  --序列的名称
start with 10   --开始的位置
increment by 1   --递增的序列值
maxvalue 9999999999   --设置最大值
--是否循环  cycle  |  nocycle  
--是否保存到内存中   cache| nocache

--查询创建的序列信息
select * from user_sequences;
--查询序列的当前值
select SQ_TEACHER_TNO.Currval from dual;
--查询序列的下个值
select SQ_TEACHER_TNO.nextval from dual;


--使用序列新增数据
insert into teacher(tno,tname)  
values(SQ_TEACHER_TNO.Nextval,'小黑2')


--dual确实是一个表,只有一个字段
select * from dual;

select 99*99 from dual;
select sysdate from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual;

--sql标准 规定！  select 语句中必须要有from ! 就是用dual来
--当作一个伪表！也就是查询的信息不存在任何一个表中的时候！

DML操作

--导入sql  语句
  01.cmd 
  02.sqlplus 用户名/密码
  03.@ sql语句的地址
  
--01.查询老师的姓名和对应导师的姓名   自连接
select t1.tname as 老师姓名,t2.tname as 导师的姓名
from teacher t1,teacher t2
where t1.mgrno=t2.tno
--02. 查询老师姓名，部门名称和部门编号
select tname,dname,dept.deptno
from teacher,dept 
where teacher.deptno=dept.deptno
--03.查询 姓 王 的老师信息  _代表一个字符  %
select * from teacher
where tname like '王%'

select * from teacher
where tname like '王_'


--04.查询陈老师和王老师的薪水和姓名
select tname,sal from teacher
where tname like '陈%' or tname like '王%'

--05.给所有姓王的老师 增加薪水
update teacher set sal=sal+20000
where tname like '王%'

--06.删除所有的teacher表中的数据  ! 表结构还在
delete  from teacher

--07.删除表！ 包含数据和表结构
drop table dept

--08.回忆外键约束  建立在从表中
alter table teacher add constraint fk_teacher_deptno
foreign key(deptno)
references dept(deptno)

--09.查询女姓老师的编号和姓名
select tno,tname from teacher
where gendar='女'

--10.查询薪水在10K-20k之间的老师编号，姓名  薪水
select tno,tname,sal from teacher
where sal between 10000 and 20000

--11.查询职位是 讲师或者研发的老师姓名  按照薪水的降序排列
select tname,sal,job from teacher
where job in('讲师','研发')
order by sal desc

--12.查询部门所有数据的insert语句
select 'insert into dept values('||deptno||','''||dname||''','''||loc||''');'
from dept

-- 创建stuinfo表
create  table  stuInfo(
stuNo  number(4)  not null,
stuName nvarchar2(20) not null,
stuAge number(3) not null
)

-- 新增测试数据
insert into stuInfo   values (1,'小黑1',10);
insert into stuInfo   values (2,'小黑2',20);
insert into stuInfo   values (3,'小黑3',30);
insert into stuInfo   values (4,'小黑4',40);
insert into stuInfo   values (5,'小黑1',50);
insert into stuInfo   values (6,'小黑1',60);



-- 选择无重复的行 名字重复 显示一条
select * from  stuInfo  for  update --  查询所有
select distinct stuName from  stuInfo
--按照姓名进行升序，如果姓名相同按照年龄的降序排列
select distinct stuName,stuAge from  stuInfo  
order by  stuName,stuAge desc

--使用列别名  如果有特殊字符 必须使用双引号
select stuName "姓 名",stuAge as "年龄"
from stuInfo

--利用现有的表创建新表

create  table student as  select stuName from stuInfo

-- 查看表中行数
select  count(*) from stuInfo
select  count(1) from stuInfo  -- 推荐使用


-- 取出不重复数据的记录
select  stuName,stuAge from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)


-- 删除stuName,stuAge列重复的行,保留一行

--  01. 查询到重复的记录 保留一条！
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1)

-- 02.查询不重复的数据
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)


--  03.拼接 01  02

delete  from stuInfo
where  rowid not in
(
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1)
union
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)
)


-- 事务控制    事务的特性 ACID  事务隔离级别  
insert into stuInfo values(100,'小白1',100);
insert into stuInfo values(200,'小白2',200);
savepoint haha;  --  设置回滚点
insert into stuInfo values(300,'小白3',300);
rollback to savepoint haha;  --回到 指定的回滚点 
select * from  stuInfo;
rollback;
select * from  stuInfo;

子查询

-- 创建stuinfo表
create  table  stuInfo(
stuNo  number(4)  not null,
stuName nvarchar2(20) not null,
stuAge number(3) not null
)

-- 新增测试数据
insert into stuInfo   values (1,'小黑1',10);
insert into stuInfo   values (2,'小黑2',20);
insert into stuInfo   values (3,'小黑3',30);
insert into stuInfo   values (4,'小黑4',40);
insert into stuInfo   values (5,'小黑1',50);
insert into stuInfo   values (6,'小黑1',60);



-- 选择无重复的行 名字重复 显示一条
select * from  stuInfo  for  update --  查询所有
select distinct stuName from  stuInfo
--按照姓名进行升序，如果姓名相同按照年龄的降序排列
select distinct stuName,stuAge from  stuInfo  
order by  stuName,stuAge desc

--使用列别名  如果有特殊字符 必须使用双引号
select stuName "姓 名",stuAge as "年龄"
from stuInfo

--利用现有的表创建新表

create  table student as  select stuName from stuInfo

-- 查看表中行数
select  count(*) from stuInfo
select  count(1) from stuInfo  -- 推荐使用


-- 取出不重复数据的记录
select  stuName,stuAge from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)


-- 删除stuName,stuAge列重复的行,保留一行

--  01. 查询到重复的记录 保留一条！
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1)

-- 02.查询不重复的数据
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)


--  03.拼接 01  02

delete  from stuInfo
where  rowid not in
(
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1)
union
select MAX(rowid) from  stuInfo
group by stuName,stuAge
having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1)
)


-- 事务控制    事务的特性 ACID  事务隔离级别  
insert into stuInfo values(100,'小白1',100);
insert into stuInfo values(200,'小白2',200);
savepoint haha;  --  设置回滚点
insert into stuInfo values(300,'小白3',300);
rollback to savepoint haha;  --回到 指定的回滚点 
select * from  stuInfo;
rollback;
select * from  stuInfo;

06.子查询

--子查询查询的结果集被当作另一个查询语句的表
--01.查询招生部所有男老师的姓名
select tname,dname from teacher,dept
where teacher.deptno=dept.deptno
and teacher.gendar='男' and dept.dname='招生部'

--子查询实现
select tname,deptno from teacher
where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='招生部')
and gendar='男'

--02.查询老师姓名和对应的部门名称使用子查询？？？！
--不使用别名会默认把子查询语句作为列名
select tname,(select dname from dept where deptno=teacher.deptno) as 部门
from teacher

--03.查询在招生部以及人力部门的老师信息
select * from teacher
where deptno in
(select deptno from dept where dname in('招生部','人力部'))

--使用exists 代替in 使用not exists 代替 not in
--exists 并不是返回一个结果集返回true 或者false
select * from teacher
where exists
(select deptno from dept
where
deptno=teacher.deptno and
dname in('招生部','人力部'))

--  oracle中的链接操作符
select  tname||'===='||sal||'==='deptno  from  teacher
--事务控制语句

--01.创建dept表
create    table  dept(
deptno number(2) primary key,
dname   varchar2(20),
loc   varchar2(20)
);
--02.插入数据
insert  into  dept  values(10,'人力部','北京海淀');
insert  into  dept  values(20,'财务部','北京海淀');
insert  into  dept  values(30,'市场部','北京海淀');
insert  into  dept  values(40,'技术部','北京海淀');
--03.再次插入两条数据
insert  into  dept  values(50,'市场部1','北京海淀');
insert  into  dept  values(60,'技术部2','北京海淀');
--设置回滚点
savepoint  a;
--再插入新数据
insert  into  dept  values(70,'市场部3','北京海淀');
--事务回滚到指定的回滚点
rollback  to savepoint a;
--04.查询dept表  有 50，60的部门
select *  from dept;
--05.回滚事务
rollback;
-- 查询dept表  有没有 50，60的部门
select * from dept;

连接查询

--01. 子查询   查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名
select tname,(select dname from dept where deptno=teacher.deptno) as 部门名称
from teacher
where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='招生部')
and gendar='男'



--01. 使用内连接  01 查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名
select tname,dname
from teacher t,dept d
where t.deptno=d.deptno
and gendar='男' and dname='招生部'

--01. 使用内连接  02查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名
select tname,dname
from teacher t inner join dept d
on t.deptno=d.deptno
where gendar='男' and dname='招生部'


--02.自连接  查询老师的姓名 和导师的姓名
select t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名
from teacher t1,teacher t2
where t1.mgrno=t2.tno


--03.使用左外链接查询老师的姓名，对应导师的姓名 以及部门
select  t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名,d.dname 部门名称
from  teacher t1 left join teacher t2
on t1.mgrno=t2.tno
left join  dept d
on t1.deptno=d.deptno

--使用内连接
select  t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名,d.dname 部门名称
from teacher t1,teacher t2,dept d
where  t1.mgrno=t2.tno and t1.deptno=d.deptno


--04.左外链接  以左表为准   右表中没有匹配的数据 返回空
select * from 
teacher t1 left join dept d
on t1.deptno=d.deptno

--05.右外链接  以右表为准   左表中没有匹配的数据  不显示
select * from 
teacher t1 right join dept d
on t1.deptno=d.deptno

--01.substr 字符串的截取  从第1个位置查询 到第3个位置结束
select substr('world',1,3) from dual;
--从第1个位置查询之后的所有
select substr('world',1) from dual;
--会把字符串转换成数字  如果不能转换就不能查询
select substr('world','1') from dual;

--02.instr 查询字符在 字符串中的下标！  从1开始 没有 返回0
select instr('world','o') from dual;

--03.to_char把日期转换成指定格式的字符串  hh24小时制
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy"年"-MM"月"-dd"日" hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

--04.to_date把字符串转换成指定格式的日期
select to_date('2017-02-28 11:16:56','yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

--05.nvl(e1,e2) e1代表列名 e2替换空的值
--如果e1位空则返回e2, 如果不会空直接返回当前的值
select nvl(mgrno,500) from teacher

--06.nvl2(e1,e2,e3) 如果e1位空则返回e3 不为空返回e2
select nvl2(mgrno,10000,500) from teacher


--07.decode(value,if1,then1,if2,then2.....,else)
-- 如果value的值等于if1，返回then1
-- 如果value的值等于if2，返回then2
--如果value的值不等于任何if，则返回else
select decode(mgrno,null,0,1008,5000,1) from teacher

--  聚合函数
--查询总记录数 count(1) 替换count(*)
select count(1)  from teacher
--查询薪水总和
select sum(sal)  from teacher
--查询最高薪水
select max(sal)  from teacher
--查询最低薪水
select min(sal)  from teacher
--查询平均薪水
select avg(sal)  from teacher


--查询各个部门的 编号，薪水（平均，最高，总和）
-- 按照部门的总薪水进行  降序排列
select deptno,avg(sal),max(sal),sum(sal)
from teacher
group by deptno
order by sum(sal) desc
-- 再增加一个条件  （部门人数在10人以上）
select deptno,avg(sal),max(sal),sum(sal)
from teacher
group by deptno
having count(deptno)>10
order by sum(sal) desc

--验证我们的  部门编号 为空的
select count(1)  from teacher where deptno is null 


--分析函数

--01.rank()：具有相等值的  排位相同，但是之后的排名跳跃
select sal,tname from teacher order by sal

select sal,tname,
rank()  over(order by sal) 薪水排名
from teacher

--02.dense_rank()：具有相等值的  排位相同，之后的排名连续
select sal,tname,
dense_rank()  over(order by sal) 薪水排名
from teacher

--03.row_number():不管值是否相等，排名都是连续的
select sal,tname,
row_number()  over(order by sal) 薪水排名
from teacher

-- 查询各个部门（按照部门查询）的教师薪水 降序后的结果
-- partition by deptno 按照部门进行分组
select deptno,tname,sal,
rank() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc) 薪水排名
from teacher

--  rank()/dense rank()/ row_number()  over(partition by 分组的字段  order by 排序的字段 desc（降序）/asc(默认升序))

-- 联合查询
--01.union 并集（两个结果集中所有的数据） 重复数据显示一次
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1020
union
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1025

--02.union  all并集（两个结果集中所有的数据） 重复数据显示多次
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1020
union all
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1025

--03.intersect 交集（取两个结果集中公共的数据）
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1020
intersect 
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1025

--04.补集 minus  a>b  取a-b
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1025
minus
select  tno  from  teacher  where  tno<1020

--伪列：没有存储在真正的表中，但是，可以在表中查询，不能进行增删改操作！
-- rowid:表中行的存储地址！ A-Za-z0-9+/ 第二位变成B  依次类推
select rowid from teacher
select rowid,tname from teacher where rowid='AAASRxAAGAAAAJ7AAA'

--rownum：查询返回结果集中 行的编号！  分页的时候使用
--rownum只能对=1或者<n进行操作！
--对于>n这种结果怎么查询？
--01.建立临时表
--02.让伪列rownum成为临时表中真正的列
--03.使用伪列的别名进行操作

--查询教师表中 薪水最高的前5名

select tname,rownum from teacher order by sal desc
--上面的sql执行后 有rownum 是乱序的
--那么我们就重新分配rownum
--怎么重新分配？  再次查询  查询的表就是上面的sql


select tname,rownum from 
(select * from teacher order by sal desc)
where rownum<6
--执行上面的sql后 发现 rownum 有序了  而且是薪水的降序排列

select * from 
(select * from teacher order by sal desc)
where rownum<6  -- 得到薪水的前5名



--查询教师表中第5名的
select * from 
(select * from teacher order by sal desc)
where rownum=5    -- 不可行

select * from
(select  t.*,
dense_rank() over(order by sal desc) ranks from teacher t)
where ranks=5

-- 查询6-10条信息  
--01.使用分析函数
select * from
(select  t.*,
dense_rank() over(order by sal desc) ranks from teacher t)
where ranks>5 and ranks<11

--02.三层嵌套
select * from teacher order by sal desc
-- rownum是乱序 但是薪水已经降序排列了



select t.*,rownum rw from 
(select * from teacher order by sal desc) t
-- 我们把上面的sql　当成一个临时表
-- rownum 进行了重新排序！
--接下来  就开始查询


select * from 
(select t.*,rownum rw  from
(select * from teacher order by sal desc) t)
where rw>5 and rw<11

-- View:视图（虚表），不占用物理空间！ 
--  如果没有权限 
-- 使用dba登录  grant  create any  view to 用户名;

create or replace  view  teacher_view
as 
select tname,sal from teacher

--  查询视图
select * from teacher_view

-PL/SQL 条件判断

--PL/SQL (Procedural  Language) 过程化sql语言！ 在原本的sql语句上 添加了 逻辑判断
--循环等操作！   在数据库 执行pl/sql程序时，pl/sql和sql语句时分别进行解析和执行的！

--语法结构     :=  就是赋值语句
--01.declare   可选部分  声明 ： 变量， 异常，游标...

--02.begin     必要部分   书写：sql语句 和pl/sql语句

--03.exception  可选部分   针对出现异常时候的处理

--04.end       必要部分 


-- 根据指定老师的编号查询薪水  输出一个结果
declare 
  v_name  teacher.tname%type;
  v_sal   teacher.sal%type;
  v_result  varchar2(30);
begin
    select t.tname,t.sal into v_name,v_sal from teacher t where  tno=1002;
   --根据薪水   得到不同的返回结果
    if v_sal>=2000 and v_sal<=10000 then
      v_result:='还可以吧';
    elsif v_sal>10000 and v_sal<=40000 then
      v_result:='真可以';
    elsif v_sal>40000 then
      v_result:='牛牛牛';
    else
       v_result:='咩咩';
    end if;
      dbms_output.put_line(v_name||':'||v_sal||'====='||v_result);
    
    --根据 v_result的值 输出不同的结果
    case v_result
      when '还可以吧' then
         dbms_output.put_line(v_name||'工资在2k到10k');
      when  '真可以' then
          dbms_output.put_line(v_name||'工资在10k到40k');
      when '牛牛牛' then
         dbms_output.put_line(v_name||'工资在40k以上');
        else
             dbms_output.put_line(v_name||'工资2k以下');
      end case;  
     
end;

循环语句

--循环结构
--01.loop 语法
   loop
     执行的语句;
     exit when 条件;
   end loop;
   

declare
 i number;
begin
  i:=1;
  loop
    dbms_output.put_line(i);
    i:=i+1;
    exit when i>50;
   end loop;
end;
    
--02.while  语法
  while 条件  loop
   执行的语句;
  end loop;

declare
 i number;
begin
  i:=1;
  while i<=50 loop
    dbms_output.put_line(i);
    i:=i+1;  
   end loop;
end;


--03.for 语法

for 变量 in  范围（上限，下限）loop
  执行的语句;
 end loop;

declare
 i number;
begin
 for i in 1..50
   loop
    dbms_output.put_line(i); 
   end loop;
end;

--游标:是系统给我们用户 开设一个数据缓冲区！ 存放的是sql语句执行的结果！
--每个游标区都有一个名字，用户通过游标一行一行的获取记录！

--01.隐式游标  在我们Pl/sql中，程序执行sql语句时 自动创建！ ====>sql
--02.显示游标  可以返回多行的查询！
--03.REF游标   用于处理运行时才能确定的动态sql 查询结果

--隐式游标属性
   --01.sql%found   影响了一行或者多行 都返回 true
   --02.sql%notfound   没有影响行数   返回 true
   --03.sql%rowcount    sql语句影响的行数
   --04.sql%isopen    游标是否打开，始终为false
declare 
 tname  teacher.tname%type; --声明一个变量
  cursor teacher_cursor  is  select tname from teacher; --声明游标
begin
   open teacher_cursor;  --打开游标
    fetch teacher_cursor into tname;
   --循环输出tname
   while teacher_cursor%found
     loop
       dbms_output.put_line('教师的姓名===='||tname);
       fetch teacher_cursor into tname;
     end loop;
   close teacher_cursor;--关闭游标
end;

--触发器
  :old 代表之前的值
  :new 更改之后现在的值
  这两个值  只能在 for each row 中使用
 
update语句  :old   :new
insert语句  :new
delete语句  :old 
  
--创建一个teacher_log （只要有人动teacher表，数据就会记录在teacher_log表中）
create table teacher_log(
logid number not null,
old_value varchar2(200),
create_date date,
log_type number,
tno number
)
--给logid设置主键
alter  table teacher_log add constraint pk_teacher_logid primary key(logid);

--创建序列
create sequence sq_teacher_logid
minvalue 1
maxvalue 999999999
start with 1
increment by 1
cache 20;

--创建触发器 or replace 如果存在 则 修改
create or replace  trigger tr_teacher
after insert or update or delete --会在增删改之后 触发
on teacher for each row
--声明
declare
v_old_value teacher_log.old_value%type;
v_type      teacher_log.log_type%type;
v_tno       teacher_log.tno%type;
begin
  if inserting then
    v_type:=1; --新增
    v_tno :=:new.tno;
    v_old_value:=:new.tno||'====='||:new.tname;
   elsif deleting then
    v_type:=2; --删除
    v_tno :=:old.tno;
    v_old_value:=:old.tno||'====='||:old.tname;
   else
    v_type:=3; --修改
    v_tno :=:old.tno;
    v_old_value:=:old.tno||'====='||:old.tname||'===='||:new.sal;
  end if;
  
--将记录写入到 teacher_log
 insert into teacher_log values
 (sq_teacher_logid.nextval,v_old_value,sysdate,v_type,v_tno);
 
end tr_teacher;


  

17.函数

--函数 function
create or replace function fn_teacher_tid
(
f_tid varchar2
)
return varchar2
is
f_result teacher.tid%type;

begin
    if length(f_tid)!=18 then
      dbms_output.put_line('身份证不正确');
      else
       dbms_output.put_line('身份证正确');
    end if;
    --给返回值赋值
    f_result:=substr(f_tid,1,6)||'********'||substr(f_tid,15);
    return f_result;

end fn_teacher_tid;

--调用函数
select fn_teacher_tid(110101198603304014) from dual;

--存储过程   一组完成特定功能的sql语句集
-- 新增教师   身份证不满足要求 报错
create or  replace   procedure pro_add_teacher
(
p_tno teacher.tno%type,
p_tname  teacher.tname%type,
p_tid  teacher.tid%type,
p_sal  teacher.sal%type
)
is
e_tid_validate exception;

begin
  if length(p_tid)!=18  --判断身份证号不满足18位
    then  --抛出异常
      raise e_tid_validate;
  end if;
  
  --新增
  insert into teacher(tno,tname,tid,sal)
  values(p_tno,p_tname,p_tid,p_sal);
  --手动提交事务
  commit;
  
--对异常进行处理
exception
    when e_tid_validate then
      dbms_output.put_line('请输入正确的身份证号');
      when others then
          dbms_output.put_line('其他的异常');
end pro_add_teacher;
 
  
  
 --调用存储过程 
 call pro_add_teacher(2001,'小黑黑','123456789123456789',5000);

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/pangting/p/7258386.html