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基于opencv的车牌识别系统

前言

学习了很长一段时间了，需要沉淀下，而最好的办法就是做一个东西来应用学习的东西，同时也是一个学习的过程。

PS：这篇小文是毕业之前和同学做的一个小项目，所以写的比较匆忙，代码也是直接粘贴的，基于qt开发的C++代码，不能保证没有错误，请慎重。不希望对你产生误导，有任何问题可以联系我，一起探讨下。最后，我现在已经没有搞嵌入式方面的开发了。

概述

OpenCV的全称是：Open Source Computer Vision Library。OpenCV是一个基于（开源）发行的跨平台计算机视觉库，可以运行在Linux、Windows和Mac OS操作系统上。它轻量级而且高效——由一系列 C 函数和少量 C++ 类构成，同时提供了Python、Ruby、MATLAB等语言的接口，实现了图像处理和计算机视觉方面的很多通用算法。

来自百度的解释，之所以选择opencv是因为：首先向学习一个新的东西来看看自己的学习接受能力，然后是感觉opencv很酷，处理图片真实说一不二的（你可以理解为处理图片很方便）。

车牌识别系统重点在于车牌的识别，还有后台的处理。要使它成为一个系统，缺一不可。

大致上分为三个部分：信息采集和传输，接收图片并识别客户端请求，信息的存储和查询

1.信息采集和传输

这里我们采用的是网上买的小摄像头+网上的开源项目mjpg-stream

对于mjpg-stream的使用，网上已经有很多博客了，你可以找到很多。

mjpg-stream 不仅能调用摄像头拍摄照片还可以作为服务器发送图片数据，所以我这里直接使用它作为服务器发送给我自己写的客户端数据。

2.接收图片并进行图片识别和显示

这里就需要用到opencv来进行处理了。

大致上车牌识别分为：车牌提取，字符提取，字符识别

车牌提取：需要调用opencv里面图片处理的几个函数接口：

灰度处理-》竖向边缘检测（因为车牌大部分竖向的）-》二值化处理-》形态学处理-》车牌截取

 1 string read_plate(string path)
 2 {
 3      /*加载图片*/
 4      const char* imagename = path.c_str();
 5      IplImage * img = cvLoadImage(imagename);
 6      if(!img)
 7      {
 8             exit(1);
 9      }
10     
11      if( !img->imageData ) // 检查是否正确载入图像
12            exit(1);
13     
14      cvNamedWindow("image", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); //创建窗口
15     // cvShowImage("image", img); //显示图像
16     /*灰度化处理*/
17      IplImage* img1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(img), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);//创建目标图像
18      cvCvtColor(img,img1,CV_BGR2GRAY);//cvCvtColor(src,des,CV_BGR2GRAY)
19      cvNamedWindow("gray_image",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);//创建显示目标的窗口
20     
21     // cvShowImage("gray_image",img1);//显示灰度图像
22     /*滤波处理*/
23      IplImage* temp = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(img1), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);//创建目标图像
24      cvSmooth(img1,temp,CV_GAUSSIAN,1,1);//高斯模糊
25     // cvShowImage("guolv_image",temp);//显示过滤图
26      
27      /*竖向边缘检测  竖向只是参数的改变*/
28      IplImage * sobel=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(temp),IPL_DEPTH_16S,1);
29      IplImage *sobelimg=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(temp),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
30      cvSobel(temp,sobel,2,0,7);
31      cvConvertScaleAbs(sobel,sobelimg, 0.00390625,0);
32     // cvShowImage("灰度图像Sobel变换",sobelimg);
33     
34     /*二值化处理*/
35      IplImage *two=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(temp),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
36      cvThreshold(sobelimg, two, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY| CV_THRESH_OTSU);
37     // cvShowImage("two",two);
38      
39      /*形态学处理  腐蚀膨胀*/
40      IplImage *closeimg=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(temp),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
41      IplConvKernel* kernal=cvCreateStructuringElementEx(3,1, 1, 0, CV_SHAPE_RECT);
42      cvDilate(two, closeimg, kernal, 6);
43      cvErode(closeimg, closeimg, kernal, 4);
44      cvDilate(closeimg, closeimg, kernal, 2);
45      kernal = cvCreateStructuringElementEx(1, 3, 0, 1, CV_SHAPE_RECT);
46      cvErode(closeimg, closeimg, kernal, 4);
47      cvDilate(closeimg, closeimg, kernal, 2);
48      //cvShowImage("closeimg",closeimg);
49      
50      /*筛选最大的那块矩形*/
51      IplImage* copy = cvCloneImage(closeimg);
52      IplImage* dst  =   cvCloneImage(img);
53      CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage();
54      CvSeq* contours;
55      CvRect rect,max;
56      int count=0;
57      double wide=0,height=0;
58       count= cvFindContours (copy, storage, &contours, sizeof(CvContour), CV_RETR_LIST, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_NONE);
59       for (;contours != NULL; contours = contours->h_next)
60       {
61            rect = cvBoundingRect(contours);
62            if(rect.width > (rect.height*2))
63            {
64                if(rect.height>height && rect.width>wide)
65                {
66                     max = rect;
67                     height = rect.height;
68                     wide = rect.width;
69     
70                }
71            }
72       }
73       cvSetImageROI(dst,cvRect(max.x+11,max.y+2,max.width-16,max.height-2));
74       cvShowImage("choose",dst);     
75         
76 }

plate shot

代码中对截取车牌进行了操作

下面是字符的识别：字符识别有很多方法，但是都是算法的，我研究的不是很深，选取了最简单的一种，自己做字符库，然后比对。

  1 //车牌识别
  2 #include "char.h"
  3 
  4 //中文字模   注意绝对路径= =
  5 const char *mb_ku_zw[31] = {
  6     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw1.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw2.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw3.bmp",
  7     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw4.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw5.bmp",
  8     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw6.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw7.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw8.bmp",
  9     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw9.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw10.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw11.bmp",
 10     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw12.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw13.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw14.bmp",
 11     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw15.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw16.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw17.bmp",
 12     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw18.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw19.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw20.bmp",
 13     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw21.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw22.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw23.bmp",
 14     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw24.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw25.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw26.bmp",
 15     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw27.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw28.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw29.bmp",
 16     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw30.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/zw31.bmp",
 17 };
 18 const char *mb_ku_zf[24] ={
 19     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/A.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/B.bmp",
 20     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/C.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/D.bmp",
 21     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/E.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/F.bmp",
 22     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/G.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/H.bmp",
 23     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/J.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/K.bmp",
 24     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/L.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/M.bmp",
 25     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/N.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/P.bmp",
 26     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Q.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/R.bmp",
 27     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/S.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/T.bmp",
 28     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/U.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/V.bmp",
 29     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/W.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/X.bmp",
 30     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Y.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Z.bmp",
 31 };
 32 const char *mb_ku_sz[10] ={
 33     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/0.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/1.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/2.bmp",
 34     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/3.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/4.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/5.bmp",
 35     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/6.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/7.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/8.bmp",
 36     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/9.bmp",
 37 };
 38 const char *mb_ku_sf[34] = {
 39     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/0.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/1.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/2.bmp",
 40     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/3.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/4.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/5.bmp",
 41     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/6.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/7.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/8.bmp",
 42     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/9.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/A.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/B.bmp",
 43     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/C.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/D.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/E.bmp",
 44     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/F.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/G.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/H.bmp",
 45     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/J.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/K.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/L.bmp",
 46     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/M.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/N.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/P.bmp",
 47     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Q.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/R.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/S.bmp",
 48     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/T.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/U.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/V.bmp",
 49     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/W.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/X.bmp","/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Y.bmp",
 50     "/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/char_img/Z.bmp",
 51 
 52 };
 53 
 54 string shibie(char *imgpath)
 55 {
 56     IplImage *pSrcImage = cvLoadImage(imgpath, 1);       //定位后车牌路径
 57     IplImage *pGrayImage = NULL;
 58     IplImage *pBinaryImage = NULL;
 59     IplImage *ty_cpimg = NULL;
 60     // 转为灰度图
 61     pGrayImage =  cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pSrcImage), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
 62     cvCvtColor(pSrcImage, pGrayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
 63     // 创建二值图
 64     pBinaryImage = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pGrayImage), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
 65     //转为二值图，自适二值化CV_THRESH_OTSU
 66     cvThreshold(pGrayImage, pBinaryImage, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY | CV_THRESH_OTSU);
 67 
 68     cvNamedWindow("input",1);
 69     cvShowImage("input",pBinaryImage);
 70 
 71     //识别铆钉
 72     const int height_md_yz = pBinaryImage->height / 10;        //y轴方向的阈值
 73     const int width_md_yz  = pBinaryImage->width;              //x轴方向的阈值
 74     IplImage* cyp = cvCloneImage( pBinaryImage );
 75     int width_md = 0;
 76     int height_md  = 0;
 77     int count_bd = 0;
 78     uchar count_bd_str[width_md_yz];
 79     for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < width_md_yz; count_bd++)
 80         count_bd_str[count_bd] = 0;
 81     uchar *pt = (uchar *)cyp->imageData;
 82     const uchar step = cyp->widthStep;
 83 
 84     //扫描白点并记录
 85     for(width_md  = 0 ; width_md < width_md_yz; width_md++)
 86     {
 87         for(height_md = 0 ; height_md < height_md_yz; height_md++)
 88         {
 89             if(pt[height_md*step + width_md])
 90                 count_bd_str[width_md]++;
 91         }
 92     }
 93 
 94 
 95     int width_bf   = 0;
 96     int width_ls   = 0;
 97     for(width_md  = 0 ; width_md < width_md_yz; width_md++)
 98     {
 99         if(count_bd_str[width_md] > height_md_yz/2)
100             if(width_md < width_md_yz-1)
101                 if(count_bd_str[++width_md]> height_md_yz/2)
102                 {
103                     if(!width_bf)
104                     {
105                         if(width_md > width_md_yz*0.2)
106                             width_bf = width_md;
107                     }
108                     else if(width_md - width_bf > width_md_yz/3)
109                     {
110                         if(width_md > width_md_yz*0.6)
111                             width_ls = width_md;
112                     }
113                 }
114     }
115     //如果判断是柳钉则使用柳钉计算比例定位
116     if(width_md_yz*0.4 < (width_ls - width_bf) && (width_ls - width_bf) < width_md_yz*0.6)
117     {
118         float img_bl = ((float)(width_ls - width_bf))/220;
119         int width_left_new = width_bf - (int)(img_bl*78);
120         int width_right_new = width_ls + (int)(img_bl*78);
121         if(width_left_new<0)width_left_new=0;
122         if(width_right_new>pBinaryImage->width)width_right_new=pBinaryImage->width;
123         int height_top_new = 0;
124         int height_down_new = pBinaryImage->height;
125         const uchar height_yz_x = pBinaryImage->height/5;
126         uchar count_bd_x_str[height_yz_x];
127         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < height_yz_x; count_bd++)             //数组清零
128             count_bd_x_str[count_bd] = 0;
129         for(int height_ydw = 0; height_ydw < height_yz_x; height_ydw++)
130         {
131             for(width_md  = 0 ; width_md < width_md_yz; width_md++)
132             {
133                 if(pt[height_ydw*step + width_md])
134                     count_bd_x_str[height_ydw]++;
135             }
136         }
137         for(int height_ydw = 0; height_ydw < height_yz_x; height_ydw++)
138         {
139             if(count_bd_x_str[height_ydw] < (int)(pBinaryImage->width*25/100))    //切割条件->白点个数 阈值
140                 height_top_new = height_ydw;
141         }
142 
143         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < height_yz_x; count_bd++)
144             count_bd_x_str[count_bd] = 0;
145         for(int height_ydw = 0; height_ydw < height_yz_x; height_ydw++)
146         {
147             for(width_md  = 0 ; width_md < width_md_yz; width_md++)
148             {
149                 if(pt[(pBinaryImage->height - height_ydw)*step + width_md])
150                     count_bd_x_str[height_ydw]++;
151             }
152         }
153         for(int height_ydw = 0; height_ydw < height_yz_x; height_ydw++)
154         {
155             if(count_bd_x_str[height_ydw] < (int)(pBinaryImage->width*25/100))
156                 height_down_new = pBinaryImage->height - height_ydw;
157         }
158 
159         IplImage* cyp_ptx = cvCloneImage( pBinaryImage );
160         CvRect ptx;
161         ptx.x = width_left_new;
162         ptx.y = height_top_new;
163         ptx.height = height_down_new - height_top_new;
164         ptx.width  = width_right_new - width_left_new;
165         cvSetImageROI(cyp_ptx, ptx);
166         cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/cyp_ptx.jpg", cyp_ptx);
167         ty_cpimg = cvCloneImage(cyp_ptx);
168         cvResetImageROI(cyp_ptx);
169     }
170     //如果无法识别铆钉，那就先投影切割后按比例切割字符
171     else
172     {
173         int width_left_new_y = 0;
174         int width_right_new_y = pBinaryImage->width;
175         int height_top_new_y = 0;
176         int height_down_new_y = pBinaryImage->height;
177         const uchar height_yz_y = pBinaryImage->height/5;
178         const uchar width_yz_y = pBinaryImage->width/16;    //阈值 请修改
179         uchar width_bd_ptr_y[width_yz_y];
180         uchar height_bd_ptr_y[height_yz_y];
181         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < width_yz_y; count_bd++)
182             width_bd_ptr_y[count_bd] = 0;
183         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < height_yz_y; count_bd++)
184             height_bd_ptr_y[count_bd] = 0;
185         for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < width_yz_y; width_yd_y++)
186             for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < pBinaryImage->height; height_yd_y++)
187             {
188                 if(pt[height_yd_y*step + width_yd_y])
189                     width_bd_ptr_y[width_yd_y]++;
190             }
191         for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < width_yz_y; width_yd_y++)
192         {
193             if(width_bd_ptr_y[width_yd_y] < (int)(pBinaryImage->height*2/10))
194                 width_left_new_y = width_yd_y;
195 //            int x = width_bd_ptr_y[width_yd_y];
196         }
197         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < width_yz_y; count_bd++)
198             width_bd_ptr_y[count_bd] = 0;
199         for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < width_yz_y; width_yd_y++)
200             for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < pBinaryImage->height; height_yd_y++)
201             {
202                 if(pt[height_yd_y*step + pBinaryImage->width - width_yd_y])
203                     width_bd_ptr_y[width_yd_y]++;
204             }
205         for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < width_yz_y; width_yd_y++)
206         {
207             if(width_bd_ptr_y[width_yd_y] < (int)(pBinaryImage->height*2/10))
208                 width_right_new_y =pBinaryImage->width - width_yd_y;
209         }
210 
211         for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < height_yz_y; height_yd_y++)
212             for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < pBinaryImage->width; width_yd_y++)
213             {
214                 if(pt[height_yd_y*step + width_yd_y])
215                     height_bd_ptr_y[height_yd_y]++;
216             }
217         for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < height_yz_y; height_yd_y++)
218         {
219             if(height_bd_ptr_y[height_yd_y] < (int)(pBinaryImage->width*18/100))
220                 height_top_new_y = height_yd_y;
221         }
222         for(count_bd = 0; count_bd < height_yz_y; count_bd++)
223             height_bd_ptr_y[count_bd] = 0;
224         for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < height_yz_y; height_yd_y++)
225             for(int width_yd_y = 0; width_yd_y < pBinaryImage->width; width_yd_y++)
226             {
227                 if(pt[(pBinaryImage->height - height_yd_y)*step + width_yd_y])
228                     height_bd_ptr_y[height_yd_y]++;
229             }
230         for(int height_yd_y = 0; height_yd_y < height_yz_y; height_yd_y++)
231         {
232             if(height_bd_ptr_y[height_yd_y] < (int)(pBinaryImage->width*18/100))    //上下切
233                 height_down_new_y = pBinaryImage->height - height_yd_y;
234         }
235         IplImage* cyp_ptx = cvCloneImage( pBinaryImage );
236         CvRect ptx;
237         ptx.x = width_left_new_y;
238         ptx.y = height_top_new_y;
239         ptx.height = height_down_new_y - height_top_new_y;
240         ptx.width  = width_right_new_y - width_left_new_y;
241         cvSetImageROI(cyp_ptx, ptx);
242         cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/cyp_ptx_y.jpg", cyp_ptx);        //保存查看投影切割的结果
243         ty_cpimg = cvCloneImage(cyp_ptx);
244         cvResetImageROI(cyp_ptx);
245     }
246 
247     //图片统一尺寸180x40  开始字符切割(字符切割使用的是最最简单的按比例切割，效果不是很理想，如果要高识别率，需要对字符进行上下左右的投影切割，然后再进行归一化，这样可以提高识别率)
248     IplImage *img_ty = NULL;
249     CvSize dst_cvsize;
250     dst_cvsize.height = 40;
251     dst_cvsize.width = 180;
252     img_ty = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, ty_cpimg->depth, ty_cpimg->nChannels);
253     cvResize(ty_cpimg, img_ty, CV_INTER_LINEAR);         //二线性插值法会出现灰度
254     ty_cpimg = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
255     cvThreshold(ty_cpimg, img_ty, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY | CV_THRESH_OTSU);   //再次二值化
256     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/img_ty.jpg", img_ty);
257     dst_cvsize.height = 40;
258     dst_cvsize.width = 20;
259     IplImage *pic1 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
260     IplImage *pic2 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
261     IplImage *pic3 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
262     IplImage *pic4 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
263     IplImage *pic5 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
264     IplImage *pic6 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
265     IplImage *pic7 = cvCreateImage(dst_cvsize, img_ty->depth, img_ty->nChannels);
266     IplImage* copy_zf = NULL;
267     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
268     CvRect ptx;
269     ptx.x = 0;
270     ptx.y = 0;
271     ptx.height = 40;
272     ptx.width  = 20;
273     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
274     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic1);
275     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf1.jpg", pic1);                        //注意绝对路径 出错请debug
276     pic1 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf1.jpg", 1);                    //注意 这两句必须要，否则后面结果就不对
277 
278 
279     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
280     ptx.x = 20+6;
281     ptx.y = 0;
282     ptx.height = 40;
283     ptx.width  = 20;
284     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
285     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic2);
286     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf2.jpg", pic2);
287     pic2 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf2.jpg", 1);
288 
289 
290     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
291     ptx.x = 20+6+20+15;
292     ptx.y = 0;
293     ptx.height = 40;
294     ptx.width  = 20;
295     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
296     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic3);
297     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf3.jpg", pic3);
298     pic3 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf3.jpg", 1);
299 
300 
301     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
302     ptx.x = 20+6+20+15+20+4;
303     ptx.y = 0;
304     ptx.height = 40;
305     ptx.width  = 20;
306     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
307     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic4);
308     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf4.jpg", pic4);
309     pic4 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf4.jpg", 1);
310 
311 
312     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
313     ptx.x = 20+6+20+15+20+6+20+4;
314     ptx.y = 0;
315     ptx.height = 40;
316     ptx.width  = 20;
317     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
318     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic5);
319     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf5.jpg", pic5);
320     pic5 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf5.jpg", 1);
321 
322 
323     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
324     ptx.x = 20+6+20+15+20+6+20+6+20+2;
325     ptx.y = 0;
326     ptx.height = 40;
327     ptx.width  = 20;
328     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
329     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic6);
330     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf6.jpg", pic6);
331     pic6 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf6.jpg", 1);
332 
333 
334     copy_zf = cvCloneImage( img_ty );
335     ptx.x = 20+6+20+15+20+6+20+6+20+6+20+1;
336     ptx.y = 0;
337     ptx.height = 40;
338     ptx.width  = 20;
339     cvSetImageROI(copy_zf, ptx);
340     cvCopy(copy_zf, pic7);
341     cvSaveImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf7.jpg", pic7);
342     pic7 = cvLoadImage("/home/panhao/QtProject/MyANPR/img/copy_zf7.jpg", 1);
343 
344 
345 
346     //字符识别(使用模版逐点比对式，相似点*100/总点数=成功率)
347     string wz_1 = db_successlv_1(pic1);                     //车牌第一个字符   以下以此类推   做返回值string中若有中文会有乱码
348     string wz_2 = db_successlv_2(pic2);
349     string wz_3 = db_successlv_3(pic3);
350     string wz_4 = db_successlv_3(pic4);
351     string wz_5 = db_successlv_4_7(pic5);
352     string wz_6 = db_successlv_4_7(pic6);
353     string wz_7 = db_successlv_4_7(pic7);
354     string finish = wz_1 + wz_2 + wz_3 + wz_4 + wz_5 + wz_6 + wz_7;    //最后结果
355     //cout << "finish:"<<finish << endl;
356     //printf("endl
");
357 
358 
359     cvReleaseImage(&pic1);
360     cvReleaseImage(&pic2);
361     cvReleaseImage(&pic3);
362     cvReleaseImage(&pic4);
363     cvReleaseImage(&pic5);
364     cvReleaseImage(&pic6);
365     cvReleaseImage(&pic7);
366     cvReleaseImage(&copy_zf);
367     cvReleaseImage(&img_ty);
368     cvReleaseImage(&ty_cpimg);
369     cvReleaseImage(&pSrcImage);
370     cvReleaseImage(&pGrayImage);
371     cvReleaseImage(&pBinaryImage);
372     cvReleaseImage(&cyp);
373 
374     return finish;
375 }
376 
377 
378 int sb_count_bd(IplImage *img)
379 {
380     int count = 0;
381     uchar *pt = (uchar *)img->imageData;
382     const uchar step = img->widthStep;
383     for(int w = 0; w < img->width; w++)
384         for(int h = 0; h < img->height; h++)
385             if(pt[h*step + w])
386                 count += w*h;
387     return count;
388 }
389 
390 string db_successlv_3(IplImage *cs)
391 {
392     uchar *pt_cs = (uchar *)cs->imageData;
393     uchar i = 0;
394     uchar max = 0;
395     uchar max_backup = 0;
396     uchar zf  = 0;
397     string fhz = "";
398     for(i = 0; i < 34; i++)
399     {
400         IplImage *mb = cvLoadImage(mb_ku_sf[i], 1);
401         uchar cgl = 0;
402 
403         int cg_count = 0;
404         int bd_count = 0;
405         uchar *pt_mb = (uchar *)mb->imageData;
406         const uchar step_cs = cs->widthStep;
407         const uchar step_mb = mb->widthStep;
408         for(int w = 0; w < cs->width; w++)
409             for(int h = 0; h < cs->height; h++)
410             {
411                 if((pt_cs[h*step_cs + w] == pt_mb[h*step_mb + w]))
412                     cg_count++;
413                 if(pt_mb[h*step_mb + w])
414                     bd_count++;
415             }
416         cvReleaseImage(&mb);
417             cgl = (uchar)(((float)cg_count/(cs->height*cs->width))*100);
418         max = max<cgl? cgl : max;
419         if(max != max_backup)
420             zf = i;
421         max_backup = max;
422     }
423     switch(zf)
424     {
425     case 0: fhz = "0";break; case 1: fhz = "1";break; case 2: fhz = "2";break; case 3: fhz = "3";break;
426     case 4: fhz = "4";break; case 5: fhz = "5";break; case 6: fhz = "6";break; case 7: fhz = "7";break;
427     case 8: fhz = "8";break; case 9: fhz = "9";break; case 10: fhz = "A";break; case 11: fhz = "B";break;
428     case 12: fhz = "C";break; case 13: fhz = "D";break; case 14: fhz = "E";break; case 15: fhz = "F";break;
429     case 16: fhz = "G";break; case 17: fhz = "H";break; case 18: fhz = "J";break; case 19: fhz = "K";break;
430     case 20: fhz = "L";break; case 21: fhz = "M";break; case 22: fhz = "N";break; case 23: fhz = "P";break;
431     case 24: fhz = "Q";break; case 25: fhz = "R";break; case 26: fhz = "S";break; case 27: fhz = "T";break;
432     case 28: fhz = "U";break; case 29: fhz = "V";break; case 30: fhz = "W";break; case 31: fhz = "X";break;
433     case 32: fhz = "Y";break; case 33: fhz = "Z";break;
434     }
435     return (fhz);
436 }
437 
438 string db_successlv_1(IplImage *cs)
439 {
440     string fhz = "";
441     uchar *pt_cs = (uchar *)cs->imageData;
442     uchar i = 0;
443     uchar max = 0;
444     uchar max_backup = 0;
445     uchar zf  = 0;
446     for(i = 0; i < 31; i++)
447     {
448         IplImage *mb = cvLoadImage(mb_ku_zw[i], 1);
449         uchar cgl = 0;
450 
451         int cg_count = 0;
452         int bd_count = 0;
453         uchar *pt_mb = (uchar *)mb->imageData;
454         const uchar step_cs = cs->widthStep;
455         const uchar step_mb = mb->widthStep;
456         for(int w = 0; w < cs->width; w++)
457             for(int h = 0; h < cs->height; h++)
458             {
459                 if((pt_cs[h*step_cs + w] == pt_mb[h*step_mb + w]))
460                     cg_count++;
461                 if(pt_mb[h*step_mb + w])
462                     bd_count++;
463             }
464         cvReleaseImage(&mb);
465             cgl = (uchar)(((float)cg_count/(cs->height*cs->width))*100);
466         max = max<cgl? cgl : max;
467         if(max != max_backup)
468             zf = i;
469         max_backup = max;
470         //printf("zf=%d
",(int)zf);
471     }
472 
473     switch(zf)
474     {
475     case 0: fhz = "藏";break; case 1: fhz = "川";break; case 2: fhz = "鄂";break; case 3: fhz = "甘";break;
476     case 4: fhz = "赣";break; case 5: fhz = "贵";break; case 6: fhz = "桂";break; case 7: fhz = "黑";break;
477     case 8: fhz = "沪";break; case 9: fhz = "吉";break; case 10: fhz = "冀";break; case 11: fhz = "津";break;
478     case 12: fhz = "晋";break; case 13: fhz = "京";break; case 14: fhz = "辽";break; case 15: fhz = "鲁";break;
479     case 16: fhz = "蒙";break; case 17: fhz = "闽";break; case 18: fhz = "宁";break; case 19: fhz = "青";break;
480     case 20: fhz = "琼";break; case 21: fhz = "陕";break; case 22: fhz = "苏";break; case 23: fhz = "皖";break;
481     case 24: fhz = "湘";break; case 25: fhz = "新";break; case 26: fhz = "渝";break; case 27: fhz = "豫";break;
482     case 28: fhz = "粤";break; case 29: fhz = "云";break; case 30: fhz = "浙";break;
483     }
484     //cout << "return"<<endl;
485     return (fhz);
486 }
487 
488 string db_successlv_2(IplImage *cs)
489 {
490     string fhz = "";
491     uchar *pt_cs = (uchar *)cs->imageData;
492     uchar i = 0;
493     uchar max = 0;
494     uchar max_backup = 0;
495     uchar zf  = 0;
496     for(i = 0; i < 24; i++)
497     {
498         IplImage *mb = cvLoadImage(mb_ku_zf[i], 1);
499         uchar cgl = 0;
500 
501         int cg_count = 0;
502         int bd_count = 0;
503         uchar *pt_mb = (uchar *)mb->imageData;
504         const uchar step_cs = cs->widthStep;
505         const uchar step_mb = mb->widthStep;
506         for(int w = 0; w < cs->width; w++)
507             for(int h = 0; h < cs->height; h++)
508             {
509                 if((pt_cs[h*step_cs + w] == pt_mb[h*step_mb + w]))
510                     cg_count++;
511                 if(pt_mb[h*step_mb + w])
512                     bd_count++;
513             }
514         cvReleaseImage(&mb);
515             cgl = (uchar)(((float)cg_count/(cs->height*cs->width))*100);
516         max = max<cgl? cgl : max;
517         if(max != max_backup)
518             zf = i;
519         max_backup = max;
520         //printf("wz_2  i=%d,zf=%d,max=%d
",(int)i,(int)zf,(int)max);
521     }
522     switch(zf)
523     {
524     case 0: fhz = "A";break; case 1: fhz = "B";break;
525     case 2: fhz = "C";break; case 3: fhz = "D";break; case 4: fhz = "E";break; case 5: fhz = "F";break;
526     case 6: fhz = "G";break; case 7: fhz = "H";break; case 8: fhz = "J";break; case 9: fhz = "K";break;
527     case 10: fhz = "L";break; case 11: fhz = "M";break; case 12: fhz = "N";break; case 13: fhz = "P";break;
528     case 14: fhz = "Q";break; case 15: fhz = "R";break; case 16: fhz = "S";break; case 17: fhz = "T";break;
529     case 18: fhz = "U";break; case 19: fhz = "V";break; case 20: fhz = "W";break; case 21: fhz = "X";break;
530     case 22: fhz = "Y";break; case 23: fhz = "Z";break;
531     }
532     return (fhz);
533 }
534 
535 string db_successlv_4_7(IplImage *cs)
536 {
537     string fhz = "";
538     uchar *pt_cs = (uchar *)cs->imageData;
539     uchar i = 0;
540     uchar max = 0;
541     uchar max_backup = 0;
542     uchar zf  = 0;
543     for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
544     {
545         IplImage *mb = cvLoadImage(mb_ku_sz[i], 1);
546         uchar cgl = 0;
547 
548         int cg_count = 0;
549         int bd_count = 0;
550         uchar *pt_mb = (uchar *)mb->imageData;
551         const uchar step_cs = cs->widthStep;
552         const uchar step_mb = mb->widthStep;
553         for(int w = 0; w < cs->width; w++)
554             for(int h = 0; h < cs->height; h++)
555             {
556                 if((pt_cs[h*step_cs + w] == pt_mb[h*step_mb + w]))
557                     cg_count++;
558                 if(pt_mb[h*step_mb + w])
559                     bd_count++;
560             }
561         cvReleaseImage(&mb);
562             cgl = (uchar)(((float)cg_count/(cs->height*cs->width))*100);
563         max = max<cgl? cgl : max;
564         if(max != max_backup)
565             zf = i;
566         max_backup = max;
567     }
568     switch(zf)
569     {
570     case 0: fhz = "0";break; case 1: fhz = "1";break; case 2: fhz = "2";break; case 3: fhz = "3";break;
571     case 4: fhz = "4";break; case 5: fhz = "5";break; case 6: fhz = "6";break; case 7: fhz = "7";break;
572     case 8: fhz = "8";break; case 9: fhz = "9";break;
573     }
574     return (fhz);
575 }

char

前面的路径中就是字符库的图片路径。

最后可以得到车牌号码的字符串，接下来就是后台的处理。

3.对进出用户的信息存储和读取。

这里我们使用的是Qt界面程序语言编写的客户端。

这里是真正的发挥空间，可以使用得来的数据进行存储，还有手机客户端给用户信息。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/panhao/p/4803582.html