PCB ODB++(Gerber)图形绘制实现方法

这里讲解一下用net解析PCB图形绘制实现方法

一.解析PCB图形绘制实现

      解析PCB图形，说简单也非常简单，先说一下,PCB Gerber图形由：点，线，弧，铜皮，文字 5类元素组成，通常简写为:P,L,A,S,T五类，这几类元素的难易程度，刚好是按这个顺序排列的(个人实际应用这么认为的)。即然是5类就得建立5种元素的数据结构存储它吧，

    PAD结构

    /// <summary>
    /// PAD  数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gP
    {
        public gPoint p;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public int angle;
        public bool mirror;
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
    }

   线结构

    /// <summary>
    /// Line 数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gL
    {
        public gPoint ps;
        public gPoint pe;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
    }

 弧结构

    /// <summary>
    /// ARC 数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gA
    {
        public gPoint ps;
        public gPoint pe;
        public gPoint pc;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public bool ccw; //direction-- cw ccw
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
    }

铜皮结构

    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类1
    /// </summary>
    public struct gSur_Point
    {
        public gPoint p;
        /// <summary>
        /// 0为折点  1为顺时针 2为逆时针  
        /// </summary>
        public byte type_point;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类2
    /// </summary>
    public class gSur_list
    {
        public List<gSur_Point> sur_list = new List<gSur_Point>();
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否为空洞
        /// </summary>
        public bool is_hole { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否逆时针
        /// </summary>
        public bool is_ccw { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类3
    /// </summary>
    public class gS
    {
        public List<gSur_list> sur_group = new List<gSur_list>();
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否为负  polarity-- P N
        /// </summary>
        public bool negative { get; set; }
        public string attribut { get; set; }
    }

文字结构

   看这个结构比Surface铜皮结构还简单呀，为什么文字结构更复杂了，这里只是实现最普通的字体结构，实际复杂程度远大于Surface,需要解析到所用到的字体库中的的坐标，而且字体存在各式各样的，有二维码，点阵字，有条码，要想保证和Genesis所显示一致，这里需要下点功夫。

    /// <summary>
    /// Text 文本数据类型  简易型  更复杂的需要扩展
    /// </summary>
    public struct gT
    {
        public gPoint ps;
        public string font;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public int angle;
        public bool mirror;
        public double x_size;
        public double y_size;
        public double width;
        public string Text;
        public string attribut;
    }

那么为什么symbols不算一类呢，因为symbols也是由这5类基础元素组合而成的，绘制时检索symbols中所含元素集合，再将Symbols集合遍历一个一个的元素绘制到画板上来的。

      Gerber数据存储到这个结构中后.那用Graphics类，遍历元素集合，依次绘制元素就好了;下面说一下遇到的问题解决方法

二.绘制Gerber图形遇到的几个问题解决方法

1.同一层图形的元素是存在先后顺序的，不能按元素类别分类集合，如List<P>,List<L>,这样是错误的

     若元素要按先后顺序保存，那么这里可以选择用ArrayList集合存储数据

2.绘制圆形焊盘时，对于Genesis而言它是一个点坐标，在net中是没有直接绘制点方法.

     那么对应net中是用FillEllipse方法绘制就可以了

3.绘制焊盘有很多种symbols，包含标准symbols和非标准symbols(自定义的），如何判断一个symbols是标准symbols还是非标准symbols呢

  在解析ODB++或Gerber前，提前将自定义symbols名存储为自定义symbols字典集合中，绘制时优先检测symbols名是否存在自定义字典集合中，如果存在，则解析自定义symbosl绘制，如果不存在，则通过标准symbosl名命名规则匹配，不考虑校率用正则也可以的，如:r200,rect200x300,oval200x300,donut_r300x200等，匹配到标准symbols后通过建立各种标准symbols绘制模版，找到对应的symbols模版再绘制。

4.如绘制：donut_r300x200这个symbols时，是绘制300这个实心圆，再绘制黑色背景实现圆环效果呢，

   其实这样绘制就是错误的，需采用：GraphicsPath类绘制，再用Region类差集裁减掉不需要多余部份图形。

5.在Gerber图形中一条弧直径只有0.1毫米，转为像素为0，绘制会出错，

    要这里需加以判断，0像素时直接跳出不绘

6.在Gerber图形中一条线段，线段间距只有0.1毫米， 转为像素为0时，但线宽为5毫米，转为像不为2像素，

   那这是绘呢，还是不绘呢，由于长度像素是0，但线的宽度达到了2个像素，那么就这条线就按一个点来绘制

7.在Gerber中Surface铜皮中存在空洞时，不能用FillPolygon方法绘制，

     需采用：GraphicsPath类绘制，再用Region类差集裁减掉不需要多余部份图形

8.在Gerber中Surface铜皮存在弧节点时，不能用FillPolygon方法绘制，这结构它不支持弧节点，

  如果一定要要用FillPolygon可以将弧转为多个节点来绘制多边形，当然另一种方法用GraphicsPath类中增Arc结点来完成弧的绘制

9.Gerber中如果字体引用了shx字体如何解析呢

    这里就需要熟悉shx的数据结构了才行了,不然一点办法也没有

     点击进去：  https://wenku.baidu.com/view/0f7d49c4aa00b52acfc7cab3.html   这是解析方法，解析后再转为坐标数据就可以了

10.如果是：canned_57,standard等字体如何解析呢

  这是Genesis自带字体,文件一般存放在：C:genesisfwlibfonts，这是明文坐标很好解决，直接解析就好了。

三.5类元素基本数据结构

      这是基本的不全面,可以扩展并改进的

 /// <summary>
    /// 点  数据类型 (XY)
    /// </summary>
    public struct gPoint
    {
        public gPoint(gPoint p_)
        {
            this.x = p_.x;
            this.y = p_.y;
        }
        public gPoint(double x_val, double y_val)
        {
            this.x = x_val;
            this.y = y_val;
        }
        public double x;
        public double y;
        public static gPoint operator +(gPoint p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.x += p2.x;
            p1.y += p2.y;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gPoint operator -(gPoint p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.x -= p2.x;
            p1.y -= p2.y;
            return p1;
        }


    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 精简 PAD  数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gPP
    {
        public gPP(double x_val, double y_val, double width_)
        {
            this.p = new gPoint(x_val, y_val);
            this.symbols = "r";
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gPP(gPoint p_, double width_)
        {
            this.p = p_;
            this.symbols = "r";
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gPP(gPoint p_, string symbols_, double width_)
        {
            this.p = p_;
            this.symbols = symbols_;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gPoint p;
        public string symbols;
        public double width;
        public static gPP operator +(gPP p1, gPP p2)
        {
            p1.p += p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gPP operator +(gPP p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.p += p2;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gPP operator -(gPP p1, gPP p2)
        {
            p1.p -= p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gPP operator -(gPP p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.p -= p2;
            return p1;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// PAD  数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gP
    {
        public gP(double x_val, double y_val, double width_)
        {
            this.p = new gPoint(x_val, y_val);
            this.negative = false;
            this.angle = 0;
            this.mirror = false;
            this.symbols = "r";
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gP(gPoint p_, double width_)
        {
            this.p = p_;
            this.negative = false;
            this.angle = 0;
            this.mirror = false;
            this.symbols = "r";
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gP(gPoint p_, string symbols_, double width_)
        {
            this.p = p_;
            this.negative = false;
            this.angle = 0;
            this.mirror = false;
            this.symbols = symbols_;
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }

        public gPoint p;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public int angle;
        public bool mirror;
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
        public static gP operator +(gP p1, gP p2)
        {
            p1.p += p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gP operator +(gP p1, gPP p2)
        {
            p1.p += p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gP operator +(gP p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.p += p2;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gP operator -(gP p1, gP p2)
        {
            p1.p -= p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gP operator -(gP p1, gPP p2)
        {
            p1.p -= p2.p;
            return p1;
        }
        public static gP operator -(gP p1, gPoint p2)
        {
            p1.p -= p2;
            return p1;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Line 数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gL
    {
        public gL(double ps_x, double ps_y, double pe_x, double pe_y, double width_)
        {
            this.ps = new gPoint(ps_x, ps_y);
            this.pe = new gPoint(pe_x, pe_y);
            this.negative = false;
            this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gL(gPoint ps_, gPoint pe_, double width_)
        {
            this.ps = ps_;
            this.pe = pe_;
            this.negative = false;
            this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gL(gPoint ps_, gPoint pe_, string symbols_, double width_)
        {
            this.ps = ps_;
            this.pe = pe_;
            this.negative = false;
            this.symbols = symbols_;
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gPoint ps;
        public gPoint pe;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
        public static gL operator +(gL l1, gPoint move_p)
        {
            l1.ps += move_p;
            l1.pe += move_p;
            return l1;
        }
        public static gL operator +(gL l1, gPP move_p)
        {
            l1.ps += move_p.p;
            l1.pe += move_p.p;
            return l1;
        }
        public static gL operator +(gL l1, gP move_p)
        {
            l1.ps += move_p.p;
            l1.pe += move_p.p;
            return l1;
        }
        public static gL operator -(gL l1, gPoint move_p)
        {
            l1.ps -= move_p;
            l1.pe -= move_p;
            return l1;
        }
        public static gL operator -(gL l1, gPP move_p)
        {
            l1.ps -= move_p.p;
            l1.pe -= move_p.p;
            return l1;
        }
        public static gL operator -(gL l1, gP move_p)
        {
            l1.ps -= move_p.p;
            l1.pe -= move_p.p;
            return l1;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// ARC 数据类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct gA
    {
        public gA(double ps_x, double ps_y, double pc_x, double pc_y, double pe_x, double pe_y, double width_, bool ccw_)
        {
            this.ps = new gPoint(ps_x, ps_y);
            this.pc = new gPoint(pc_x, pc_y);
            this.pe = new gPoint(pe_x, pe_y);
            this.negative = false;
            this.ccw = ccw_;
            this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gA(gPoint ps_, gPoint pc_, gPoint pe_, double width_, bool ccw_ = false)
        {
            this.ps = ps_;
            this.pc = pc_;
            this.pe = pe_;
            this.negative = false;
            this.ccw = ccw_;
            this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
            this.attribut = string.Empty;
            this.width = width_;
        }
        public gPoint ps;
        public gPoint pe;
        public gPoint pc;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public bool ccw; //direction-- cw ccw
        public string symbols;
        public string attribut;
        public double width;
        public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gPoint move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps += move_p;
            arc1.pe += move_p;
            arc1.pc += move_p;
            return arc1;
        }
        public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gPP move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps += move_p.p;
            arc1.pe += move_p.p;
            arc1.pc += move_p.p;
            return arc1;
        }
        public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gP move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps += move_p.p;
            arc1.pe += move_p.p;
            arc1.pc += move_p.p;
            return arc1;
        }
        public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gPoint move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps -= move_p;
            arc1.pe -= move_p;
            arc1.pc -= move_p;
            return arc1;
        }
        public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gPP move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps -= move_p.p;
            arc1.pe -= move_p.p;
            arc1.pc -= move_p.p;
            return arc1;
        }
        public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gP move_p)
        {
            arc1.ps -= move_p.p;
            arc1.pe -= move_p.p;
            arc1.pc -= move_p.p;
            return arc1;
        }

    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Text 文本数据类型  简易型  更复杂的需要扩展
    /// </summary>
    public struct gT
    {
        public gPoint ps;
        public string font;
        public bool negative;//polarity-- positive  negative
        public int angle;
        public bool mirror;
        public double x_size;
        public double y_size;
        public double width;
        public string Text;
        public string attribut;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类1
    /// </summary>
    public struct gSur_Point
    {
        public gSur_Point(double x_val, double y_val, byte type_point_)
        {
            this.p.x = x_val;
            this.p.y = y_val;
            this.type_point = type_point_;
        }
        public gSur_Point(gPoint p, byte type_point_)
        {
            this.p = p;
            this.type_point = type_point_;
        }
        public gPoint p;
        /// <summary>
        /// 0为折点  1为顺时针 2为逆时针  
        /// </summary>
        public byte type_point;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类2
    /// </summary>
    public class gSur_list
    {
        public List<gSur_Point> sur_list = new List<gSur_Point>();
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否为空洞
        /// </summary>
        public bool is_hole { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否逆时针
        /// </summary>
        public bool is_ccw { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Surface 坐标泛型集类3
    /// </summary>
    public class gS
    {
        public List<gSur_list> sur_group = new List<gSur_list>();
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否为负  polarity-- P N
        /// </summary>
        public bool negative { get; set; }
        public string attribut { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 整层Layer坐标泛型集类
    /// </summary>
    public class gLayer  //坐标
    {
        public List<gP> Plist = new List<gP>();
        public List<gL> Llist = new List<gL>();
        public List<gA> Alist = new List<gA>();
        public List<gT> Tlist = new List<gT>();
        public List<gS> Slist = new List<gS>();
    }

四.net实现效果图：

小结：

         .NET图形绘制效率真是个一大问题，图形小绘制还感觉不明显，当元素数量大于20W时绘制时间超长，有时内存爆掉,，但同时打开Genesis却不爆，不管是编程语言，数据结构存储,解析算法上都要更高超，不得不佩服Frontline太有实力。看来只能用NET在图形上只能玩点小玩意了，注定玩不了大了。