Hbase 操作

命令行操作：

1.       常用hbase命令

--进入habase

[grid@gc ~]$ hbase-0.90.5/bin/hbase shell

HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.

Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell

Version 0.90.5, r1212209, Fri Dec  9 05:40:36 UTC 2011

hbase(main):001:0>

--查看数据库状态

hbase(main):002:0> status

2 servers, 0 dead, 1.0000 average load

--查询数据库版本

hbase(main):004:0> version

0.90.5, r1212209, Fri Dec  9 05:40:36 UTC 2011

--帮助命令

hbase(main):003:0> help

HBase Shell, version 0.90.5, r1212209, Fri Dec  9 05:40:36 UTC 2011

Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.

Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.

COMMAND GROUPS:

  Group name: general

  Commands: status, version

  Group name: ddl

  Commands: alter, create, describe, disable, drop, enable, exists, is_disabled, is_enabled, list

  Group name: dml

  Commands: count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate

  Group name: tools

  Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, close_region, compact, flush, major_compact, move, split, unassign, zk_dump

  Group name: replication

  Commands: add_peer, disable_peer, enable_peer, remove_peer, start_replication, stop_replication

SHELL USAGE:

Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names.  Commas delimit

command parameters.  Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.

Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are

Ruby Hashes. They look like this:

  {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}

and are opened and closed with curley-braces.  Key/values are delimited by the

'=>' character combination.  Usually keys are predefined constants such as

NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc.  Constants do not need to be quoted.  Type

'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.

If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use

double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:

  hbase> get 't1', "keyx03x3fxcd"

  hbase> get 't1', "key032311"

  hbase> put 't1', "testxefxff", 'f1:', "x01x33x40"

The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.

For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/docs/current/book.html

2.       Hbase数据库操作命令

--创建表

resume表逻辑模型：

行键	时间戳	列族binfo	列族edu	列族work
lichangzai	T2	binfo:age=’1980-1-1’
	T3	binfo:sex=’man’
	T5		edu:mschool=’rq no.1’
	T6		edu:university=’qhddx’
	T7			work:company1=’12580’
changfei	T10	binfo:age=’1986-2-1’
	T11		edu:university=’bjdx’
	T12			work:company1=’LG’
……	Tn

--创建表

hbase(main):005:0> create 'resume','binfo','edu','work'

0 row(s) in 16.5710 seconds

--列出表

hbase(main):006:0> list

TABLE                                                                                                                                                        

resume                                                                                                                                                      

1 row(s) in 1.6080 seconds

--查看表结构

hbase(main):007:0> describe 'resume'

DESCRIPTION                                                                                           ENABLED                                               

 {NAME => 'resume', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'binfo', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', C true                                                  

 OMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'fals                                                       

 e', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'edu', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESS                                                       

 ION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLO                                                        

 CKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'work', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESSION =>                                                       

  'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACH                                                       

 E => 'true'}]}                                                                                                                                             

1 row(s) in 1.8590 seconds

--添加列族

hbase(main):014:0> disable 'resume'                         

0 row(s) in 4.2630 seconds

hbase(main):015:0> alter 'resume',name='f1'

0 row(s) in 4.6990 seconds

--删除列族

hbase(main):017:0> alter 'resume',{NAME=>'f1',METHOD=>'delete'}

0 row(s) in 1.1390 seconds

--或是

hbase(main):021:0> alter 'resume','delete' => 'f1'

0 row(s) in 1.9310 seconds

hbase(main):022:0> enable 'resume'

0 row(s) in 5.9060 seconds

注意：

（1）       ddl命令是区分大小写的，像ddl中的alter,create, drop, enable等都必需用小写。而{}中的属性名都必需用大写。

（2）       alter、drop表之前必需在先禁用(disabel)表，修改完后再启用表(enable)表，否则会报错

--查询禁用状态

hbase(main):024:0> is_disabled 'resume'

false                                                                                                                                                       

0 row(s) in 0.4930 seconds

hbase(main):021:0> is_enabled 'resume'

true                                                                                                                                                        

0 row(s) in 0.2450 seconds

--删除表

hbase(main):015:0> create 't1','f1'

0 row(s) in 15.3730 seconds

hbase(main):016:0> disable 't1'

0 row(s) in 6.4840 seconds

hbase(main):017:0> drop 't1'

0 row(s) in 7.3730 seconds

--查询表是否存在

hbase(main):018:0> exists 'resume'

Table resume does exist                                                                                                                                      

0 row(s) in 2.3900 seconds

hbase(main):019:0> exists 't1'

Table t1 does not exist                                                                                                                                      

0 row(s) in 1.3270 seconds

--插入数据

put 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:age','1980-1-1'

put 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:sex','man'

put 'resume','lichangzai','edu:mschool','rq no.1'

put 'resume','lichangzai','edu:university','qhddx'

put 'resume','lichangzai','work:company1','12580'

put 'resume','lichangzai','work:company2','china mobile'

put 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:site','blog.csdn.NET/lichangzai'

put 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:mobile','13712345678'

put 'resume','changfei','binfo:age','1986-2-1'

put 'resume','changfei','edu:university','bjdx'

put 'resume','changfei','work:company1','LG'

put 'resume','changfei','binfo:mobile','13598765401'

put 'resume','changfei','binfo:site','hi.baidu/lichangzai'

--获取一行键的所有数据

hbase(main):014:0> get 'resume','lichangzai'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                               

 binfo:age                               timestamp=1356485720612, value=1980-1-1                                                                            

 binfo:mobile                            timestamp=1356485865523, value=13712345678                                                                          

 binfo:sex                               timestamp=1356485733603, value=man                                                                                 

 binfo:site                              timestamp=1356485859806, value=blog.csdn.Net/lichangzai                                                            

 edu:mschool                             timestamp=1356485750361, value=rq no.1                                                                             

 edu:university                          timestamp=1356485764211, value=qhddx                                                                               

 work:company1                           timestamp=1356485837743, value=12580                                                                                

 work:company2                           timestamp=1356485849365, value=china mobile                                                                        

8 row(s) in 2.1090 seconds

注意：必须通过行键Row Key来查询数据

--获取一个行键，一个列族的所有数据

hbase(main):015:0> get 'resume','lichangzai','binfo'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                               

 binfo:age                               timestamp=1356485720612, value=1980-1-1                                                                            

 binfo:mobile                            timestamp=1356485865523, value=13712345678                                                                          

 binfo:sex                               timestamp=1356485733603, value=man                                                                                 

 binfo:site                              timestamp=1356485859806, value=blog.csdn.net/lichangzai                                                            

4 row(s) in 1.6010 seconds

--获取一个行键，一个列族中一个列的所有数据

hbase(main):017:0> get 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:sex' 

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

 binfo:sex                               timestamp=1356485733603, value=man                                                                                 

1 row(s) in 0.8980 seconds

--更新一条记录

hbase(main):018:0> put 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:mobile','13899999999'

0 row(s) in 1.7640 seconds

hbase(main):019:0> get 'resume','lichangzai','binfo:mobile'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

 binfo:mobile                            timestamp=1356486691591, value=13899999999                                                                         

1 row(s) in 1.5710 seconds

注意：更新实质就是插入一条带有时间戳的记录，get查询时只显示最新时间的记录

--通过timestamp来获取数据

------查询最新的时间戳的数据

hbase(main):020:0> get 'resume','lichangzai',{COLUMN=>'binfo:mobile',TIMESTAMP=>1356486691591}

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

 binfo:mobile                            timestamp=1356486691591, value=13899999999                                                                         

1 row(s) in 0.4060 seconds

------查之前（即删除）时间戳的数据

hbase(main):021:0> get 'resume','lichangzai',{COLUMN=>'binfo:mobile',TIMESTAMP=>1356485865523}            

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

 binfo:mobile                            timestamp=1356485865523, value=13712345678                                                                         

1 row(s) in 0.7780 seconds

--全表扫描

hbase(main):022:0> scan 'resume'

ROW                                      COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                        

 changfei                                column=binfo:age, timestamp=1356485874056, value=1986-2-1                                                           

 changfei                                column=binfo:mobile, timestamp=1356485897477, value=13598765401                                                    

 changfei                                column=binfo:site, timestamp=1356485906106, value=hi.baidu/lichangzai                                              

 changfei                                column=edu:university, timestamp=1356485880977, value=bjdx                                                          

 changfei                                column=work:company1, timestamp=1356485888939, value=LG                                                            

 lichangzai                              column=binfo:age, timestamp=1356485720612, value=1980-1-1                                                          

 lichangzai                              column=binfo:mobile, timestamp=1356486691591, value=13899999999                                                    

 lichangzai                              column=binfo:sex, timestamp=1356485733603, value=man                                                               

 lichangzai                              column=binfo:site, timestamp=1356485859806, value=blog.csdn.net/lichangzai                                          

 lichangzai                              column=edu:mschool, timestamp=1356485750361, value=rq no.1                                                         

 lichangzai                              column=edu:university, timestamp=1356485764211, value=qhddx                                                        

 lichangzai                              column=work:company1, timestamp=1356485837743, value=12580                                                         

 lichangzai                              column=work:company2, timestamp=1356485849365, value=china mobile                                                  

2 row(s) in 3.6300 seconds

--删除指定行键的列族字段

hbase(main):023:0> put 'resume','changfei','binfo:sex','man'

0 row(s) in 1.2630 seconds

hbase(main):024:0> delete 'resume','changfei','binfo:sex'

0 row(s) in 0.5890 seconds

hbase(main):026:0> get 'resume','changfei','binfo:sex'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

0 row(s) in 0.5560 seconds

--删除整行

hbase(main):028:0> create 't1','f1','f2'

0 row(s) in 8.3950 seconds

hbase(main):029:0> put 't1','a','f1:col1','xxxxx'

0 row(s) in 2.6790 seconds

hbase(main):030:0> put 't1','a','f1:col2','xyxyx'

0 row(s) in 0.5130 seconds

hbase(main):031:0> put 't1','b','f2:cl1','ppppp'

0 row(s) in 1.2620 seconds

hbase(main):032:0> deleteall 't1','a'

0 row(s) in 1.2030 seconds

hbase(main):033:0> get 't1','a'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                                

0 row(s) in 0.8980 seconds

--查询表中有多少行

hbase(main):035:0> count 'resume'

2 row(s) in 2.8150 seconds

hbase(main):036:0> count 't1'   

1 row(s) in 0.9500 seconds

--清空表

hbase(main):037:0> truncate 't1'

Truncating 't1' table (it may take a while):

 - Disabling table...

 - Dropping table...

 - Creating table...

0 row(s) in 21.0060 seconds

注意：Truncate表的处理过程：由于Hadoop的HDFS文件系统不允许直接修改，所以只能先删除表在重新创建已达到清空表的目的