(1).实现功能：通过前台选择.xlsx文件的Excel，将其文件转化为DataTable和List集合
(2).开发环境：Window7旗舰版+vs2013+Mvc4.0
(2).在使用中需要用到的包和dll
1.用NuGet引入OpenXML包【全名叫DocumentFormat.OpenXml】=》注意：现在导入的Excel只支持.xlsx结尾的Excel，若导入.xls结尾的则会出现【文件包含损坏的数据】的错误！
2.WindowsBase.dll
(3).MVC中通过file选择文件并用submit提交到Controller方法如下：
3.1：前台代码
<form action="Home/FileUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div style="100%;height:auto;background-color:#808080"> <input id="uploadfile" type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" value="上传Excel" /> </div> </form>
3.2：Controller代码
/// <summary>
/// form提交回的Action
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public ActionResult FileUpload()
{
//1.假设选择一个Excel文件 获取第一个Excel文件
var stream = Request.Files[0].InputStream;
//2.将选择的文件转换为DataTable
var rst = new StreamToDataTable().ReadExcel(stream);
//3.将DataTable转换为List集合
var list = this.TableToLists(rst);
return View();
}
/// <summary>
/// 加载Excel数据
/// </summary>
public List<ExcelImport> TableToLists(System.Data.DataTable table)
{
TBToList<ExcelImport> tables = new TBToList<ExcelImport>();
var lists = tables.ToList(table);
return lists;
}
(4).Excel流组织成Datatable方法实现
public class StreamToDataTable
{
/// <summary>
/// Excel流组织成Datatable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stream">Excel文件流</param>
/// <returns>DataTable</returns>
public DataTable ReadExcel(Stream stream)
{
using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false)) //若导入.xls格式的Excel则会出现【文件包含损坏的数据】的错误！
{
//打开Stream
IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = document.WorkbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>();
if (sheets.Count() == 0)
{//找出符合条件的sheet，没有则返回
return null;
}
WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id);
//获取Excel中共享数据
SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable;
IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//得到Excel中得数据行
DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel");
//因为需要将数据导入到DataTable中，所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名，从第二行开始是行数据
foreach (Row row in rows)
{
if (row.RowIndex == 1)
{
//Excel第一行为列名
GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt);
}
GetDataRow(row, stringTable, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据
}
return dt;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据给定的Excel流组织成Datatable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stream">Excel文件流</param>
/// <param name="sheetName">需要读取的Sheet</param>
/// <returns>组织好的DataTable</returns>
public DataTable ReadExcelBySheetName(string sheetName, Stream stream)
{
using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false))
{//打开Stream
IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = document.WorkbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName);
if (sheets.Count() == 0)
{//找出符合条件的sheet，没有则返回
return null;
}
WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id);
//获取Excel中共享数据
SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable;
IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//得到Excel中得数据行
DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel");
//因为需要将数据导入到DataTable中，所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名，从第二行开始是行数据
foreach (Row row in rows)
{
if (row.RowIndex == 1)
{
//Excel第一行为列名
GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt);
}
GetDataRow(row, stringTable, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据
}
return dt;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 构建DataTable的列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="row">OpenXML定义的Row对象</param>
/// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
/// <param name="dt">需要返回的DataTable对象</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void GetDataColumn(Row row, SharedStringTable stringTable, ref DataTable dt)
{
DataColumn col = new DataColumn();
foreach (Cell cell in row)
{
string cellVal = GetValue(cell, stringTable);
col = new DataColumn(cellVal);
dt.Columns.Add(col);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 构建DataTable的每一行数据，并返回该Datatable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="row">OpenXML的行</param>
/// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
/// <param name="dt">DataTable</param>
private void GetDataRow(Row row, SharedStringTable stringTable, ref DataTable dt)
{
// 读取算法：按行逐一读取单元格，如果整行均是空数据
// 则忽略改行（因为本人的工作内容不需要空行）-_-
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
int i = 0;
int nullRowCount = i;
foreach (Cell cell in row)
{
string cellVal = GetValue(cell, stringTable);
if (cellVal == string.Empty)
{
nullRowCount++;
}
dr[i] = cellVal;
i++;
}
if (nullRowCount != i)
{
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取单元格的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cell"></param>
/// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string GetValue(Cell cell, SharedStringTable stringTable)
{
//由于Excel的数据存储在SharedStringTable中，需要获取数据在SharedStringTable 中的索引
string value = string.Empty;
try
{
if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0)
return value;
value = double.Parse(cell.CellValue.InnerText).ToString();
if ((cell.DataType != null) && (cell.DataType == CellValues.SharedString))
{
value = stringTable.ChildElements[Int32.Parse(value)].InnerText;
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
value = "N/A";
}
return value;
}
}
(5).Datatable组织为List方法实现
public class TBToList<T> where T : new()
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取列名集合
/// </summary>
private IList<string> GetColumnNames(DataColumnCollection dcc)
{
IList<string> list = new List<string>();
foreach (DataColumn dc in dcc)
{
list.Add(dc.ColumnName);
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
///属性名称和类型名的键值对集合
/// </summary>
private Hashtable GetColumnType(DataColumnCollection dcc)
{
if (dcc == null || dcc.Count == 0)
{
return null;
}
IList<string> colNameList = GetColumnNames(dcc);
Type t = typeof(T);
PropertyInfo[] properties = t.GetProperties();
Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable();
int i = 0;
if (properties.Length == colNameList.Count)
{
foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
{
foreach (string col in colNameList)
{
if (!hashtable.Contains(col))
{
hashtable.Add(col, p.PropertyType.ToString() + i++);
}
}
}
}
return hashtable;
}
/// <summary>
/// DataTable转换成IList
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<T> ToList(DataTable dt)
{
if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0)
{
return null;
}
PropertyInfo[] properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();//获取实体类型的属性集合
Hashtable hh = GetColumnType(dt.Columns);//属性名称和类型名的键值对集合
IList<string> colNames = GetColumnNames(hh);//按照属性顺序的列名集合
List<T> list = new List<T>();
T model = default(T);
foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
model = new T();//创建实体
int i = 0;
foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
{
if (p.PropertyType == typeof(string))
{
p.SetValue(model, dr[colNames[i++]], null);
}
else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(int))
{
p.SetValue(model, int.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
}
else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(DateTime))
{
p.SetValue(model, DateTime.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
}
else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(float))
{
p.SetValue(model, float.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
}
else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(double))
{
p.SetValue(model, double.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
}
}
list.Add(model);
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
/// 按照属性顺序的列名集合
/// </summary>
private IList<string> GetColumnNames(Hashtable hh)
{
PropertyInfo[] properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();//获取实体类型的属性集合
IList<string> ilist = new List<string>();
int i = 0;
foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
{
ilist.Add(GetKey(p.PropertyType.ToString() + i++, hh));
}
return ilist;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据Value查找Key
/// </summary>
private string GetKey(string val, Hashtable tb)
{
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in tb)
{
if (de.Value.ToString() == val)
{
return de.Key.ToString();
}
}
return null;
}
}
(6).既然List集合都得到了，那么导入数据到数据库中那也不是什么难事了.......