访问需要HTTP Basic Authentication认证的资源的各种开发语言的实现

什么是HTTP Basic Authentication？直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。

在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候，如果你没有提供用户名和密码，服务器就会返回401，如果你直接在浏览器中打开，浏览器会提示你输入用户名和密码(google浏览器不会，bug？)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果：http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中，有两种方法：

• 一是在请求头中添加Authorization：
  Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64加密字符串"
• 二是在url中添加用户名和密码：
  http://userName:password@api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

下面来看下对于第一种在请求中添加Authorization头部的各种语言的实现代码。

1、 .NET 的

string username="username";
string password="password";
//注意这里的格式哦，为 "username:password"
string usernamePassword = username + ":" + password;
CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();
mycache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
myReq.Credentials = mycache;
myReq.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword))); 
WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();
Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string content = reader.ReadToEnd();

你当然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的类来发送请求。

2、Python的

import urllib2
import sys
import re
import base64
from urlparse import urlparse 

theurl = 'http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml' 

username = 'qleelulu'
password = 'XXXXXX'  # 你信这是密码吗？ 

base64string = base64.encodestring(
                '%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] #注意哦，这里最后会自动添加一个

authheader =  "Basic %s" % base64string
req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)
try:
    handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except IOError, e:
    # here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right
    print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."
    sys.exit(1)
thepage = handle.read()

3、PHP的

<?php
$fp = fsockopen("www.mydomain.com",80);
fputs($fp,"GET /downloads HTTP/1.0");
fputs($fp,"Host: www.mydomain.com");
fputs($fp,"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode("user:pass") . "");
fpassthru($fp);
?>

4、flash的AS3的

import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;
import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;
URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false;//设默认为false，否则用户较验错误时会弹出验证框 

private var result:XML;
private function initApp():void
{
    var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;
    base64enc.encode("user:password"); //用户名和密码需要Base64编码
    var user:String = base64enc.toString(); 

    var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;
    http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler);//监听返回事件
    http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler);     //监听失败事件
    http.resultFormat = "e4x";//返回格式
    http.url = "http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml"; 以嘀咕网的API为列
    http.headers = {"Authorization":"Basic " + user};
    http.send();
}
private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
{
    result = XML(e.result);
    test.dataProvider = result.status;//绑定数据
}
private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
{
    //处理失败
}

5、Ruby On Rails的

class DocumentsController < ActionController
  before_filter :verify_access 

  def show
    @document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])
  end 

  # Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object.
  # Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not
  # authenticated.
  def verify_access
    authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic("Documents Realm") do |username, password|
      @user = User.authenticate(username, password)
    end
  end
end

6、JavaScript的

//需要Base64见：http://www.cnblogs.com/pingming/p/4165063.html                       

function make_base_auth(user, password) {
  var tok = user + ':' + pass;
  var hash = Base64.encode(tok);
  return "Basic " + hash;
} 

var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');
var url = 'http://example.com'; 

// 原始JavaScript
xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
xml.open('GET',url) 

// ExtJS
Ext.Ajax.request({
    url : url,
    method : 'GET',
    headers : { Authorization : auth }
}); 

// jQuery
$.ajax({
    url : url,
    method : 'GET',
    beforeSend : function(req) {
        req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
    }
});

里提醒下，HTTP Basic Authentication对于跨域又要发送post请求的用JavaScript是实现不了的(注：对于Chrome插件这类允许通过AJAX访问跨域资源的，是可以的)