客户端证书认证请求实操

 问题1：什么叫做客户端证书认证？

答案：通过客户端证书（服务端分发的私人证书或者是通过第三方认证的证书）+账号密码进行身份认证的行为。

问题2：为什么有客户端证书这么个东西？

答案：如何加强服务器的用户身份验证系统？一个方法是通过服务端证书认证，就是通过https进行访问。另一个方法是客户端证书认证。通过暴力破解的方式任然可以获取到用户密码，尽管有强密码策略，仅仅只是依靠密码还是不太保险，这个时候就需要客户端证书认证。用户通过服务端颁发的证书+密码，可以极大的加强安全性。

问题3：怎么使用客户端证书认证？

答案：如下文

客户端证书认证

1.首先准备一个证书（本例以私人证书为例，证书生成方式具体请度娘），记录下证书最后的加密密码。

2.服务器配置相应的客户端证书认证设置（本例不涉及服务端配置）

3.配置java类库信任个人证书

package sz.shuwen.utils;
/*
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *   - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 *   - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems nor the names of its
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/**
 * Originally from:
 * http://blogs.sun.com/andreas/resource/InstallCert.java
 * Use:
 * java InstallCert hostname
 * Example:
 *% java InstallCert ecc.fedora.redhat.com
 */

import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

/**
 * Class used to add the server's certificate to the KeyStore
 * with your trusted certificates.
 */
public class InstallCert {

    /*public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        handle("XXX.com",443,"changeit");
    }*/

    public static void handle(String host,int port,String passphraseStr) throws Exception{
        char[] passphrase=passphraseStr.toCharArray();
        /*if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
            String[] c = args[0].split(":");
            host = c[0];
            port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
            String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
            passphrase = p.toCharArray();
        } else {
            System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");
            return;
        }*/

        File file = new File("cacerts");
        if (file.isFile() == false) {
            char SEP = File.separatorChar;
            File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP
                    + "lib" + SEP + "security");
            file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
            if (file.isFile() == false) {
                file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
        ks.load(in, passphrase);
        in.close();

        SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        TrustManagerFactory tmf =
                TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf.getTrustManagers()[0];
        SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
        context.init(null, new TrustManager[]{tm}, null);
        SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();

        System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
        SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
        socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
        try {
            System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
            socket.startHandshake();
            socket.close();
            System.out.println();
            System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
        } catch (SSLException e) {
            System.out.println();
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }

        X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
        if (chain == null) {
            System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
            return;
        }

        BufferedReader reader =
                new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
        System.out.println();
        MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
            X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
            System.out.println
                    (" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN());
            System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());
            sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
            System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
            md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
            System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
            System.out.println();
        }
        //注释
        /*System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
        String line = reader.readLine().trim();*/
        String line="1";
        int k;
        try {
            k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
            return;
        }

        X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
        String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
        ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);

        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
        ks.store(out, passphrase);
        out.close();

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println(cert);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println
                ("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
                        + alias + "'");
    }


    private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();

    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
        for (int b : bytes) {
            b &= 0xff;
            sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
            sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
            sb.append(' ');
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

        private final X509TrustManager tm;
        private X509Certificate[] chain;

        SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
            this.tm = tm;
        }

        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
       
        /** 
         * This change has been done due to the following resolution advised for Java 1.7+
        http://infposs.blogspot.kr/2013/06/installcert-and-java-7.html
                **/ 
        
        return new X509Certificate[0];    
            //throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
                throws CertificateException {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
                throws CertificateException {
            this.chain = chain;
            tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
        }
    }
}

该类是在github上找的（感谢大佬），我注释的两处便是修改的地方，可也以取上面的链接看看大佬的代码，我把原方法通过main启动改为通过接口调用传参了。

4.调用

本例介绍两种调用方式：

a.通过postman调用

  关闭公有证书校验，因为本例是个人证书，若是公有证书可以开启。

 

　　添加域名证书配置，作用是访问该域名才会携带配置的相应证书

   

　　CRT FILE:证书文件（含公钥）

       KEY FILE:私钥文件

        PFX FILE: 后缀为p12的加密证书文件

       Passphrase:加密证书的密码，就是生成加密证书的那个密码

    这四个参数如何填写，依据生成的证书实际情况来即可，下图是我的配置：

打开postman控制台查看调用结果

b.通过java代码调用

/**
     * 发送 SSL POST 请求（HTTPS），JSON形式
     * @param apiUrl API接口URL
     * @param json JSON对象
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPostSSL(String apiUrl, Object json) {
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String httpStr = "";
        try {
            response=doPostSSLRequest(apiUrl,json);
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpStr;
    }

    /**
    *@Author: pengshihao
    *@Description:带证书
    *@Date: 2019/7/4
    */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse  doPostSSLRequest(String apiUrl, Object json) throws Exception{
        //注意PKCS12证书
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
        //指向你的证书的绝对路径，带着证书去访问
        FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File(Constant.SSL_CERT_PATH));
        //证书的密码，创建证书时的密码
        keyStore.load(instream, Constant.SSL_CERT_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
        SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadKeyMaterial(keyStore,Constant.SSL_CERT_PASSWORD.toCharArray()).build();
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                new String[] { "TLSv1" },null, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());

        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
        httpPost.addHeader("Accept", "*/*");
        httpPost.setHeader("Connection","Keep-Alive");
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf-8");
        httpPost.setHeader("Host",Constant.DATA_BASE_HOST);
        httpPost.addHeader("Cache-Control", "max-age=0");
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(json.toString(),"UTF-8"));//解决中文乱码问题

        return httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    }

以上就是具体的实操。