Socket通信有两种模式:阻塞模式和非阻塞模式。
1:阻塞模式
所谓阻塞模式,就是开启一个线程一直保持侦听状态(通过while(true)循环),这样该线程将一直在这个循环里运行,不会退出,因此该线程将被该循环所阻塞,是为阻塞模式。使用该模式进行通信时,必须开启一个新线程,不能将其置于主线程中,否则主线程什么事都干不了。
阻塞模式通信中又分为两种方式——重连接和持续连接。重连接就是发送端每次发送信息时,重新与接收端进行连接;而持续连接则是发送端初始化时便与接收端进行连接,并且此后一直保持连接。这两种连接方式在编程上的区别主要体现在接收端——对于前者,接收端的Socket accept = listener.Accept()必须写在while(true)循环里面;而对于后者,则必须写在循环外面。这一点对于新手很重要,我开始接触套接字编程时,由于不知道有这么一个区别存在,所以总是不知道错误到底出现在哪里!
下面举例说明阻塞模式下的这两种编程方式。
1.1 阻塞模式之重连接方式
发送端:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace DelTest


{
public partial class Form1 : Form

{
public Form1()

{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Socket _sender = null;//每次发送时,都实例化一个套接字,并与客户端进行连接
try

{
_sender = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
_sender.Connect(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.53"), 2000);
if (_sender.Connected)

{
byte[] sends = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(this.textBox1.Text);
_sender.Send(sends);
}
}
catch (Exception ee)

{ }
finally

{
_sender.Close();
}
}
}
}
接收端:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace DelTest_Rec


{
class Program

{
static void Main(string[] args)

{
Test t = new Test();
t.Listen();

Console.ReadLine();
}
}

class Test

{
delegate void ThreadMethod(object obj);
ThreadMethod _tm = null;

private Socket _listener = null;
private string _localIP = null;

public void Listen()

{
_tm = Show;

_localIP = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())[0].ToString();
_listener = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
_listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(_localIP), 2000));
_listener.Listen(50);

Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Receive));
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
}

private void Receive()

{
try

{
while (true)

{
Socket accept = _listener.Accept();//发送端为重连接,故本语句必须放在while循环里面
byte[] rec = new byte[4999];
accept.Receive(rec);
string recStr = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(rec);

_tm(recStr);
}
}
catch (Exception ee)

{
}
}

private void Show(object obj)

{
Console.WriteLine(obj.ToString());
}
}
}

1.2 阻塞模式之重连接方式
这种模式需要注意的是:接收端应用程序必须先开启,然后才能运行发送端程序。
发送端:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace DelTest


{
public partial class Form1 : Form

{
private Socket _sender = null;
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
//程序启动时便与远程进行连接
_sender = Connect("192.168.0.53", 2000);
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
try

{
if (_sender.Connected)

{
byte[] sends = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(this.textBox1.Text);
_sender.Send(sends);
}
}
catch (Exception ee)

{}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// 与远程进行连接
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ip">远程IP地址</param>
/// <param name="port">远程侦听端口</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Socket Connect(string ip, int port)

{
IPAddress ipa = IPAddress.Parse(ip);
IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ipa, port);
Socket sender = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
try

{
sender.Connect(ipe);
}
catch (SocketException se)

{
return null;
}
return sender;
}

public Form1()

{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
接收端:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace DelTest_Rec


{
class Program

{
static void Main(string[] args)

{
Test t = new Test();
t.Listen();

Console.ReadLine();
}
}

class Test

{
delegate void ThreadMethod(object obj);
ThreadMethod _tm = null;

private Socket _listener = null;
private string _localIP = null;

public void Listen()

{
_tm = Show;

_localIP = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())[0].ToString();
_listener = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
_listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(_localIP), 2000));
_listener.Listen(50);

Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Receive));
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
}

private void Receive()

{
try

{
Socket accept = _listener.Accept();//发送端为持续连接,本语句必须放在while循环外面
while (true)

{
byte[] rec = ReceiveVarData(accept);
string recStr = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(rec);

_tm(recStr);
}
}
catch (Exception ee)

{

}
}

private void Show(object obj)

{
Console.WriteLine(obj.ToString());
}
}
}

在实际项目中,一般采用持续连接,这是因为这里的套接字所采用的传输协议是TCP/IP协议,当与远程建立连接时,需要经过三次握手,一旦出现异常,通常都会在30秒以后才能确定有没有与远程连接上,因此一般都是一次连接多次使用,而不是使用一次连接一次。一般而言,发送端需要开启一个线程专门与远程保持连接;接收端也开启一个线程专门侦听远程套接字。
2:非阻塞模式
所谓非阻塞模式,就是接收端不使用while循环来一直保持侦听,此时,接收端必须明确知道发送端在什么时间发送套接字,这种模式一般不会使用。下面举一例说明:
发送端:
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
IPAddress ipa = IPAddress.Parse(ip);
IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ipa, port);
Socket sender = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
try

{
sender.Connect(ipe);
sender.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("hello everyone!"));
}
catch (SocketException se)

{}
}

接收端:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace DelTest_Rec


{
class Program

{
static void Main(string[] args)

{
Test t = new Test();
t.Listen();

Console.ReadLine();
}
}

class Test

{
delegate void ThreadMethod(object obj);
ThreadMethod _tm = null;

private Socket _listener = null;
private string _localIP = null;

public void Listen()

{
_tm = Show;

_localIP = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())[0].ToString();
_listener = new Socket(
AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
_listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(_localIP), 2000));
_listener.Listen(50);

//非阻塞模式下,连多线程也省了,开启线程也没意义
Socket accept = _listener.Accept();
byte[] rec = ReceiveVarData(accept);
string recStr = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(rec);
Console.WriteLine(obj.ToString());
}
}
}

3:Socket编程中注意点
(1)发送端和接收端所使用的编码必须一致;
(2)注意阻塞模式中还存在如本例所说的两种套接字通信方式;
(3)在发送端与远程建立套接字连接之前,必须运行接收端进行侦听,否则将报错;
(4)在项目中需要引入3个空间:using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;