Product of integers

https://github.com/Premiumlab/Python-for-Algorithms--Data-Structures--and-Interviews/blob/master/Mock%20Interviews/Large%20E-Commerce%20Company/E-Commerce%20Company%20-%20Interview%20Problems%20-%20SOLUTIONS/On-Site%20Question%202%20-%20SOLUTION.ipynb

On-Site Question 2 - SOLUTION

Problem

Given a list of integers, write a function that will return a list, in which for each index the element will be the product of all the integers except for the element at that index

For example, an input of [1,2,3,4] would return [24,12,8,6] by performing [2×3×4,1×3×4,1×2×4,1×2×3]

Requirements

You can not use division in your answer! Meaning you can't simply multiply all the numbers and then divide by eahc element for each index!

Try to do this on a white board or with paper/pencil.

 

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Solution

If you look at the list above with the multiplication you'll notice we are repeating multiplications, such as 2 times 3 or 3 times 4 for multiple entries in the new list.

We'll want to take a greedy approach and keep track of these results for later re-use at other indices. We'll also need to think about what if a number is zero!

In order to find the products of all the integers (except for the integer at that index) we will actually go through our list twice in a greedy fashion.

On the first pass we will get the products of all the integers before each index, and then on the second pass we will go backwards to get the products of all the integers after each index.

Then we just need to multiply all the products before and after each index in order to get the final product answer!

Let's see this in action:

def index_prod(lst):
    
    # Create an empty output list
    output = [None] * len(lst)
    
    # Set initial product and index for greedy run forward
    product = 1
    i = 0
    
    while i < len(lst):
        
        # Set index as cumulative product
        output[i] = product
        
        # Cumulative product
        product *= lst[i]
        
        # Move forward
        i +=1
        
    
    # Now for our Greedy run Backwards
    product = 1
    
    # Start index at last (taking into account index 0)
    i = len(lst) - 1
    
    # Until the beginning of the list
    while i >=0:
        
        # Same operations as before, just backwards
        output[i] *= product
        product *= lst[i]
        i -= 1
        
    return output

In [20]:

index_prod([1,2,3,4])

Out[20]:

[24, 12, 8, 6]

In [21]:

index_prod([0,1,2,3,4])

Out[21]:

[24, 0, 0, 0, 0]

 

Review the solution and make sure you understand it! It uses O(n) time and O(n) space complexity!

Good Job!