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  • SpringCloud简介

    SpringCloud简介

    Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子,它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来,通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。

     

    https://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/    springcloud项目官方主页

     

    https://springcloud.cc/  springcloud中文网 有很详细的翻译文档 

     

    http://springcloud.cn/  springcloud中文论坛 

     

     

    springcloud解决了单体项目几点问题:

     

    1、zuul网关解决了服务调用安全性的问题

     

    2、服务注册与发现(注册中心)eureka解决了各层服务耦合问题,它是微服务架构的核心,有它才能将单体项目拆解成微服务架构

     

    3、Eureka集群解决了微服务中,注册中心宕机产生的问题

     

    4、Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务,减小了各微服务服务器的访问压力,默认采用了经典的轮询机制

     

    5、熔断器Hystrix解决了,微服务架构中服务器雪崩现象

     

    6、服务监控(单机Dashboard与集群turbine,方便运维人员查看微服务架构项目运行时,各个服务器的运行状态

     

    7、服务配置中心springcloud config),用来通过github统一管理各个微服务的配置文件(yml文件)

    入门案例

    最简单的微服务架构会有四个工程

    父工程:microservice

    通用模块(M):microservice-common

    服务提供者(C):microservice-student-provider-1001

    服务消费者(C):microservice-student-consumer-80

    创建父工程microservice

    父工程是一个maven项目,一般创建方式即可,父工程的主要用途是锁定pom依赖包版本。由于springcloud2X停止更新,这里我们采用稳定的低版本,配套的springboot版本为1x版本。

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
      <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
      <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
      <name>springcloud</name>
      <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
      <url>http://www.example.com</url>
    
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
          <version>Edgware.SR4</version>
          <type>pom</type>
          <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
          <version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
          <type>pom</type>
          <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--  连接池  -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
          <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
          <version>${druid.version}</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      </dependencyManagement>
    
    </project>

    创建通用模块microservice-common

    通用模块主要存放实体类、工具包等被整个微服务框架所使用的代码。创建一个简单的springboot模块即可。

    由于通用模块无需操作数据库,springboot启动默认会读取数据库,所以得添加以下注解 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class});

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    Entity:

    package cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity;
    
    import javax.persistence.*;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    @Entity
    @Table(name="t_springcould_student")
    public class Student implements Serializable {
     
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        private Integer id;
         
        @Column(length=50)
        private String name;
         
        @Column(length=50)
        private String grade;
         
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getGrade() {
            return grade;
        }
        public void setGrade(String grade) {
            this.grade = grade;
        }
         
         
         
    }

    创建服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001

    创建一个简单的springboot模块,这里服务提供者需要操作数据库并且被浏览器所访问,固需要添加相关配置如下

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-1001</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--  修改后立即生效,热部署  -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    application.yml:

    server:
      port: 1001
      context-path: /
    spring:
      datasource:
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
        username: mybatis_ssm
        password: 123
      jpa:
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: update
        show-sql: true

    分布式jpa需要在启动类上添加@EntityScan("com.psy.*.*")

    studentrepository.java

    package com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository;
    
    import cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
    
    public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
     
    }
    StudentService.java
    package com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.service;
    
    
    import cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface StudentService {
     
        public void save(Student student);
         
        public Student findById(Integer id);
         
        public List<Student> list();
         
        public void delete(Integer id);
         
         
    }
    
    
    StudentServiceImpl
    package com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.impl;
    
    import com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository.StudentRepository;
    import com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
    import cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    @Service
    public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
        @Autowired
        private StudentRepository studentRepository;
    
        @Override
        public void save(Student student) {
            studentRepository.save(student);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Student findById(Integer id) {
            return studentRepository.findOne(id);
        }
    
        @Override
        public List<Student> list() {
            return studentRepository.findAll();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void delete(Integer id) {
            studentRepository.delete(id);
        }
    
    }
    
    

    controller:

    package com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.controller;
    
    import com.psy.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
    import cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentProviderController {
     
        @Autowired
        private StudentService studentService;
         
        @PostMapping(value="/save")
        public boolean save(Student student){
            try{
                studentService.save(student);  
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/list")
        public List<Student> list(){
            return studentService.list();
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
        public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return studentService.findById(id);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
        public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            try{
                studentService.delete(id);
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    创建服务消费者microservice-student-consumer-80

    服务消费者主要是通过restful api来调用提供者的接口,固不需要不需要操作数据库,相关配置如下

    pom.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--  修改后立即生效,热部署  -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>
    
    

    application.yml:

    server:
      port: 80
      context-path: /

    同样在启动类上加上:

    @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
    SpringCloudConfig
    package com.psy.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @Configuration
    public class SpringCloudConfig {
     
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

    controller:

    package com.psy.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
    
    import cpm.psy.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentConsumerController {
    
        private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://localhost:1001";
     
         @Autowired
         private RestTemplate restTemplate;
          
         @PostMapping(value="/save")
         private boolean save(Student student){
             return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
         }
          
        @GetMapping(value="/list")
        public List<Student> list(){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
        public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
        public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            try{
                restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    服务者访问:

    消费者访问:



    初识eureka

    
    

    Eureka简介:

    Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于REST的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中,以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。

    Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client。

    Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在Eureka Server中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。

    Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化与Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。

    在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。

    Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步,Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上,Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制,确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。

     

    类似zookeeper,Eureka也是一个服务注册和发现组件,是SpringCloud的一个优秀子项目,不过比较坑的是,Eureka2版本已经停止更新了。但是Eureka1版本还是很稳定,功能足够用,所以还是有必要学习下。

    
    

    服务注册与发现原理:

     

     

    Eureka的使用

    前面说过eureka是c/s模式的  server服务端就是服务注册中心,其他的都是client客户端,服务端用来管理所有服务,客户端通过注册中心,来调用具体的服务;

    我们先来搭建下服务端,也就是服务注册中心;

    新建 module   microservice-eureka-server-2001;

    pom文件中加入eureka-server依赖;

    yml文件中添加Eureka服务端相关信息;

    在启动类中添加@EnableEurekaServer注解;

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.psy</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-eureka-server-2001</artifactId>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--  修改后立即生效,热部署  -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    application.yml:

    server:
      port: 2001
      context-path: /
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost #eureka注册中心实例名称
      client:
        register-with-eureka: false     #false 由于该应用为注册中心,所以设置为false,代表不向注册中心注册自己。
        fetch-registry: false     #false 由于注册中心的职责就是维护服务实例,它并不需要去检索服务,所以也设置为false
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/       #设置与Eureka注册中心交互的地址,查询服务和注册服务用到

     

    Eureka中注册服务提供者

    这里我们在原来的服务提供者项目 microservice-student-provider-1001  上面直接修改:

    首先pom.xml修改,加上eureka客户端依赖:

    <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    

    然后application.yml上加上配置:

    
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost  #eureka客户端主机实例名称
        appname: microservice-student  #客户端服务名
        instance-id: microservice-student:1001 #客户端实例名称
        prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
    
    

    这里的defaultZone要和前面服务注册中心的暴露地址一致;

    最后 启动类加上一个注解 @EnableEurekaClient



     
     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/psyu/p/11885014.html
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