Entity Framework Code-First（22）：Code-based Migration

Code-based Migration:

Code-based migration is useful when you want more control on the migration, i.e. set default value of the column, etc.

Code-First has two commands for code based migration:

1. Add-migration: It will scaffold the next migration for the changes you have made to your domain classes
2. Update-database: It will apply pending changes to the database based on latest scaffolding code file you created using "Add-Migration" command

Assume that you have Student and Course entity classes initially and you want to use code-based migration for your application. Before running the commands above, you must enable migration for your application, by using the enable-migrations commands. These are in package manager that we used previously for automatic migration. This will create a configuration file, as was the case with automated migration. Also, you need to set the database initializer in the context class:

public class SchoolDBContext: DbContext 
{
    public SchoolDBContext(): base("SchoolDBConnectionString") 
    {
        Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<SchoolDBContext, SchoolDataLayer.Migrations.Configuration>("SchoolDBConnectionString"));
            
    }

    public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
        
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {

        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }

}

Now, you have to create a scaffold code file which consists of your database requirement from your existing domain classes. You can do this by running the “add-migration" command in the package manager. (from Tools → Library Package Manager → Package Manager Console). You will have to pass the name parameter, which will be part of the code file name.

Add-Migration command Syntax:

    
    Add-Migration [-Name] <String> [-Force]
      [-ProjectName <String>] [-StartUpProjectName <String>]
      [-ConfigurationTypeName <String>] [-ConnectionStringName <String>]
      [-IgnoreChanges] [<CommonParameters>]
 
    Add-Migration [-Name] <String> [-Force]
      [-ProjectName <String>] [-StartUpProjectName <String>]
      [-ConfigurationTypeName <String>] -ConnectionString <String>
      -ConnectionProviderName <String> [-IgnoreChanges] [<Common Parameters>]
        

You can see that this command has created a new file in the Migration folder with the name of the parameter you passed to the command with a timestamp prefix:

After creating the file above using the add-migration command, you have to update the database. You can create or update the database using the “update-database” command. You can use –verbose to see what's going on in the database:

Update-Database command syntax:

Update-Database [-SourceMigration <String>]
    [-TargetMigration <String>] [-Script] [-Force] [-ProjectName <String>]
    [-StartUpProjectName <String>] [-ConfigurationTypeName <String>]
    [-ConnectionStringName <String>] [<CommonParameters>]
 
Update-Database [-SourceMigration <String>] [-TargetMigration <String>]
    [-Script] [-Force] [-ProjectName <String>] [-StartUpProjectName <String>]
    [-ConfigurationTypeName <String>] -ConnectionString <String>
    -ConnectionProviderName <String> [<CommonParameters>]
        

At this point, the database will be created or updated.

Now, suppose you added more domain classes. So before running the application, you have to create a scaffold file for new classes, by executing the "Add-Migration" command. Once it creates the file, update the database using the Update-Database command. In this way, you have to repeat the Add-Migration and Update-Database command each time you make any changes in your domain classes.

Rollback Database change:

Suppose you want to roll back the database schema to any of the previous states, then you can use "update-database" command with –TargetMigration parameter as shown below:

update-database -TargetMigration:"First School DB schema"

Use the "get-migration" command to see what migration has been applied.

Note: Use the "get-help" command for add-migration and update-database command in order to see what parameters can be passed with this command.