LaTeX的一些宏包及细节知识

文章来源：LaTeX的一些宏包及细节知识http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20289887-id-1710422.html

ps:我的机器上软件并不能直接运行通，下面“代码”，感觉很多有用的东西，慢慢的边用边验证吧！

以下是直接copy原文的。

 

LaTeX的一些宏包及细节知识

2007年01月12日 星期五 17:45

这篇是我一年前总结的一些细节知识，有些方法我现在也不怎么使用了，但应该都是正确的。现贴上，给自己一份纪念，给网友一份小礼。^_^
 

documentclass[a4paper,11pt,onecolumn]{article}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
usepackage{CJK}         % CJK 中文支持
usepackage{geometry} % 利用 geometry 可以很方便的设置页面的大小。
usepackage{fancyhdr} % 用 fancyhdr 来设置页眉和页脚十分方便，而且可以在配合 CCT、CJK来设置中文的页眉等。
usepackage{fancyvrb} % 用来得到一些加框的列举环境
usepackage{fancybox} % 提供了 shadowbox, doublebox, ovalbox 和 Ovalbox 四个命令来生成不同形状的盒子。
usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,graphicx}    % EPS 图片支持
usepackage{subfigure}   % 使用子图形
usepackage{indentfirst} % 中文段落首行缩进
usepackage{bm}          % 公式中的粗体字符（用命令oldsymbol）
usepackage{multicol}    % 正文双栏
usepackage{picins}      % 图片嵌入段落宏包 比如照片
usepackage{abstract}    % 2栏文档，一栏摘要及关键字宏包
usepackage{anysize} % 对于像 book 等双面版式来说，这里的 left 和 right 再奇偶页会互换。
usepackage{hyperref} % 文献引用的宏包
usepackage{listings}lstloadlanguages{C,C++,matlab,mathematica} %程序清单关键字宏包
usepackage{color} % 可以产生有颜色的符号
usepackage{units} % 用于美化单位及分式
usepackage{tabularx} % 用于灵活地控制表格的生成
usepackage{mathrsfs} % 用于产生一种数学用的花体字
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 关于各个宏包的说明。
% CJK宏包中重要的命令为：
%    CJKcaption{GB} 章节标题为中文
%    CJKfamily{hei}{} %song, fs, kai, hei, songsl, fssl, kaisl, heisl    
%    CTEX中文套装中定义了六种中文字体，分别是
%     song, 宋体
%    fs,   仿宋
%    kai,  楷书
%    hei,  黑体    %以上这四种字体都是可以用的，并且还有对应的斜体可用（it 即可）
%    li,   隶书    %但看来这个是不能用的，怎样解决我还不知道，还不懂怎样安装字体
%    yuan, 幼圆    %这个也不能用
% geometry宏包重要的命令为：
%    geometry{height=10in,a4paper,body={14cm,21cm}} %具体内容由自己改写
% fancyhdr宏包重要的命令为：
%    如下面所用到的页眉和页脚的定义，很典型的
% fancyvrb宏包重要的命令为：
%    很多，应用方法很灵活。具体查阅其说明文档
% fancybox宏包重要的命令为：
%    shadowbox{}和doublebox{}，括号里面可以包含一个minipage环境，可以含一个图片
% amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,graphicx宏包重要的命令为：
%    这是一组非常重要的包，最重要的几个命令为：
%    dfrac{}{} %用于显示一种分数，我在一个自定义命令中用过一次
%    includegraphics[width=,height=]{} %插入图片的一般命令
%    有其它的一些常用的符号
% subfigure宏包重要的命令为：
%    subfigure[子标题]{includegraphics[width=]{}} %详情见下
% indentfirst宏包重要的命令为：
%    用了这个宏包之后，只要在后面连续打两个回车，就可以开始一个新的段，非常方便
% multicol宏包重要的命令为：
%    egin{multicols}{2}
%    .......
%    end{multicols}
%    把文字放在这个环境中，就可以使这些文字分成两栏，非常好用。
% picins宏包重要的命令为：
%    parpic(宽度，高度)(水平偏移，垂直偏移)[选项][位置]{图形} 
% abstract宏包重要的命令为：
%    这个宏包我还没发现有有用的命令，但鉴于摘要的重要性，就保留它了。
% anysize宏包重要的命令为：
%    marginsize{25mm}{25mm}{15mm}{15mm} 
%    用了anysize宏包以后，就可以用它方便地定义两面文档的装订对齐问题了，它会自动切换
%    详情见下
% hyperref宏包重要的命令为：
%    用了这个宏包之后，会发现所有的参考文献和交叉引用都具有了超链接功能，太棒了！
% listings宏包重要的命令为：
%    命令有一两个非常实用，主要是画框和控制程序清单字体的选项
%    它有一个很重要的特性，是可以把各种语言的关键字突显出来，很不错
% units宏包重要的命令为：
%    $ icefrac[mathcal]{A}{B}$
%    icefrac{A}{B}
%    icefrac[ extit]{A}{B}
%    $unitfrac[#1]{#2}{#3}$
%    $unit[#1]{it #2}$
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%纸张版式的定义
%marginsize{25mm}{25mm}{15mm}{15mm} %用了anysize宏包以后，就可以用它方便地定义两面文档的装订对齐问题了，它会自动切换，即可代替下邻两句
geometry{a4paper, hmargin={3.7cm, 3.3cm}, vmargin={1.8cm, 2.5cm}}
enewcommand{aselinestretch}{1.5} %定义行间距
parindent 24pt %重新定义缩进长度
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  自定义命令区
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%定义字体及字号
ewcommand{song}{CJKfamily{song}} % 宋体
ewcommand{fs}{CJKfamily{fs}} % 仿宋体
ewcommand{kai}{CJKfamily{kai}} % 楷体
ewcommand{hei}{CJKfamily{hei}} % 黑体
ewcommand{chuhao}{fontsize{42pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{xiaochuhao}{fontsize{36pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{yihao}{fontsize{28pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{erhao}{fontsize{21pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{xiaoerhao}{fontsize{18pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{sanhao}{fontsize{15.75pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{sihao}{fontsize{14pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{xiaosihao}{fontsize{12pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{wuhao}{fontsize{10.5pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{xiaowuhao}{fontsize{9pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{liuhao}{fontsize{7.875pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
ewcommand{qihao}{fontsize{5.25pt}{aselineskip}selectfont}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%下面这一块程序用于去掉图片标题中的冒号
makeatletter
longdef@makecaption#1#2{%
 vskipabovecaptionskip
 sbox@tempboxa{#1quad #2}%
 ifdim wd@tempboxa >hsize
   #1quad #2par
 else
   global @minipagefalse
   hb@xt@hsize{hfilox@tempboxahfil}%
 fi
 vskipelowcaptionskip}
makeatother
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%下面这一片区域用来定义程序清单环境中的样式细节设置
lstset
{
frameround=tttt, % define the frame style
%frameshape={RYRYNYYYY}{yny}{yny}{RYRYNYYYY}
basicstyle=small, % print whole listing small
%keywordstyle=color{red}underbar, % underlined bold red keywords
%identifierstyle={}, % nothing happens to other identifiers
%commentstyle=color{white}, % white comments
%stringstyle= tfamily, % typewriter type for strings
%stringspaces=false % no special string spaces
}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 关于去掉首页的页码的方法
% 在maketitle后加上 hispagestyle{empty}就可以了
% 想让所有的页都无页码，则如下操作
% makeatletter
% letps@plain=ps@empty
% makeatother
% pagestyle{empty}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 把proof环境中的关键字proof改为"证明"的方法
% proofname{证明}
% 或 
% egin{proof}{证明}
%  ........
% end{proof}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%这一块用来美化行内公式时靠字太紧的现象
ewcommand{f}[1]{\,\,$#1$\,}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%这一块用来美化输出一行序列时的各元素项靠得太紧的情况
ewcommand{seq}[4]{{\,\,(#1\,\,\,}{#2\,\,\,}{#3\,\,\,}{#4)}}
ewcommand{se}[4]{{\,\,#1\,\,\,}{#2\,\,\,}{#3\,\,\,}{#4\,}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  脚注的行号默认是从每一章开始计数的，现在要求从每一页开始计数
% makeatletter@addtoreset{footnote}{page}
% makeatother
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 这一句用来把脚注的序号由*号改成阿拉伯数字，当然也可换成其它几种类型之一
%  enewcommand{ hefootnote}{arabic{footnote}}
%  enewcommand{ hepage}{-- oman{page}--} %变化非常多，应用很灵活
%  编号方式一共有五种：arabic, oman, Roman, alph, Alph
% 常用的计数器有 hepage<-->page, hechapter<-->chapter, heequation<-->equation
% hefootnote<-->footnote, hefigure<-->figure, hetable<-->table
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行代码用来美化分式的输出
% ewcommand{ gfrac}[2]{ aisebox{0.1cm}{dfrac{ aisebox{-0.07cm}{it #1}}{ aisebox{-0.01cm}{it #2}}}\,}
% 另外，在有usepackage{units}的情况下，还可以用 icefrac[mathcal]{#1}{#2}进行左右型的分式输出
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行使标号引用的形式更好看一点
% ewcommand{ e}[1]{\,( ef{#1})\,} %后面就用在要加参考文献的地方
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行使文献引用以上标形式显示
ewcommand{supercite}[1]{ extsuperscript{cite{#1}}} %后面就用在要加参考文献的地方
% 写上supercite{自定的符号}即可
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 简化列举环境中的打字的繁琐
% ewcommand{ gitem}{vspace{-2.8mm}item}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 正文两栏环境不允许float环境，比如 figure, table。所以重新定义
% figure，使之可以浮动到你想要的位置。table也同样，把figure改为
% table就可以。
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% ewenvironment{figurehere}
% {def@captype{figure}}
%  {}
%makeatother
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  文章正文
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
egin{document}
egin{CJK*}{GBK}{song}
CJKcaption{GB}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行代码用来美化汉字中数字及字母的输出
% ewcommand{m}[1]{\,#1\,}
% 另外，在有usepackage{units}的情况下，还可以用 icefrac{#1}{#2}进行左右型的分式输出
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行代码用来美化汉字中破折号的输出
% ewcommand{pzh}{\,－!!－\,} %破折号，在这里定义的原因是－为全角符号，只能在CJK声明后才能识别
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 此行代码用来美化汉字中小括号和中括号的输出
% ewcommand{xkh}[1]{!!（#1）!!} 
% ewcommand{zkh}[1]{!!［#1］!!}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 这一块用来记录一些很细微的经验
% *!缩小1/3个半角字符宽，\,增加1/3个半角字符宽，quad 增加一个全角字符宽，qquad 增加两个全角字符宽
% *中文的破折号用“－!!－”来表示。
% *$Astackrec{1;/!/}{=}B$会得到使平行号骑在等号上面的效果
% *空心方块如下表示：hfilllacksquare
% *要得到数学中的花体字，得usepackage{mathrsfs} 然后后面再用$mathscr{ABCD..}$引用
% *公式中用 ext{-}表示短横线
% *用usepackage{letteine}使文章的英文第一个字母变大
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%