0830总结
Vue-CLI 项目中相关操作
一.前台路由的基本工作流程
目录结构
|vue-proj
| |src
| | |components
| | | |Nav.vue
| | |views
| | | |PageFirst.vue
| | | |PageSecond.vue
| | |App.vue
| | |router.js
App.vue：根组件
<template>
<div id="app">
<!--根组件只需要书写router-view-->
<!--router-view就是vue-router插件路由占位标签-->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
Nav.vue：小组件
<template>
<div class="nav">
<!--router-link就是vue-router插件路由页面转跳的标签，页面加载后会被解析为a标签-->
<!--router-link不同于a标签，路由转跳之后更换组件，不会发送页面转跳，用to属性设置转跳路径-->
<router-link to="/page-first">first</router-link>
<router-link :to="{name: 'page-second'}">second</router-link>
<router-link to="/course">课程</router-link>
<!-- to后跟路由路径 | :to后可以用name设置路由别名 -->
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Nav"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.nav {
height: 100px;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}
.nav a {
margin: 0 20px;
font: normal 20px/100px '微软雅黑';
}
.nav a:hover {
color: red;
}
</style>
PageFirst.vue：页面组件
<template>
<div class="page-first">
<Nav></Nav>
<h1>page-first</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
// 使用
import Nav from '@/components/Nav'
export default {
name: "PageFirst",
components: {
Nav
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.page-first {
100%;
height: 800px;
background: orange;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
PageSecond.vue：页面组件
<template>
<div class="page-second">
<Nav></Nav>
<h1 @click="printTitle">{{ title }}</h1>
<input type="text" v-model="title">
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Nav from '@/components/Nav'
export default {
name: "PageSecond",
data() {
return {
title: 'page-second'
}
},
methods: {
printTitle() {
console.log(this.title)
}
},
components: {
Nav
},
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.page-second {
100%;
height: 800px;
background: pink;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
router.js：路由配置
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import PageFirst from './views/PageFirst'
import PageSecond from './views/PageSecond'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode: 'history', // 组件更换模拟页面转跳形成浏览器历史记录
base: process.env.BASE_URL,
routes: [
// 路由就是 url路径 与 vue组件 的映射关系
// 映射出的组件会替换 根组件 中的 router-view 标签
// 通过 router-link 标签完成 url路径 的切换
{
path: '/page-first',
name: 'page-first',
component: PageFirst
},
{
path: '/page-second',
name: 'page-second',
component: PageSecond
},
]
})
二.配置全局样式文件
目录结构
|vue-proj
| |src
| | |assets
| | | |css
| | | | |global.css
| | |main.js
global.css
html, body, h1, ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: black;
}
/* router-link标签激活状态拥有的类名 */
.router-link-exact-active.router-link-active {
color: greenyellow;
border-bottom: 2px solid greenyellow;
}
main.js
// 新增内容
// 配置全局css
import '@/assets/css/global.css'
三.组件生命周期钩子
概念
一个组件从创建到销毁，整个过程中的特殊的时间节点回调的方法，称之为生命周期钩子
如：一个组件创建成功就会回调 created方法，内部数据要更新和更新完毕分别调用 beforeUpdate方法与updated方法
案例
<template>
<div class="page-second">
<Nav></Nav>
<h1 @click="printTitle">{{ title }}</h1>
<input type="text" v-model="title">
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Nav from '@/components/Nav'
export default {
name: "PageSecond",
data() {
return {
title: 'page-second'
}
},
methods: {
printTitle() {
console.log(this.title)
}
},
components: {
Nav
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log('开始创建组件');
console.log(this.title);
console.log(this.printTitle);
this.title = '呵呵';
},
created() { // 重点
console.log('组件创建成功');
console.log(this.title);
console.log(this.printTitle);
// 请求后台数据，完成数据的更新
this.title = '嘿嘿';
},
beforeMount() {
console.log('组件开始渲染');
},
mounted() {
console.log('组件渲染成功');
this.title = '嘻嘻';
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('数据开始更新');
},
updated() {
console.log('数据更新完毕');
},
activated() {
console.log('组件激活');
},
deactivated() {
console.log('组件停用');
},
destroyed() {
console.log('组件销毁成功');
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.page-second {
100%;
height: 800px;
background: pink;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
四.路由重定向
router.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import PageFirst from './views/PageFirst'
import PageSecond from './views/PageSecond'
import Course from './views/Course'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode: 'history',
base: process.env.BASE_URL,
routes: [
{
path: '/page-first',
name: 'page-first',
component: PageFirst
},
{ // 重定向路由的两种方式
path: '/page/first',
// redirect: {'name': 'page-first'},
redirect: '/page-first'
},
]
})
五.页面组件小组件综合案例
目录结构
|vue-proj
| |src
| | |components 小组件
| | | |CourseCard.vue
| | |views 页面组件
| | | |Course.vue
| | |router.js
CourseCard.vue
<template>
<div class="course-card">
<div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgColor}"></div>
<div class="right">{{ card.title }}</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "CourseCard",
props: ['card']
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.course-card {
margin: 10px 0 10px;
}
.course-card div {
float: left;
}
.course-card:after {
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.left {
50%;
height: 120px;
background-color: blue;
}
.right {
50%;
height: 120px;
background-color: tan;
font: bold 30px/120px 'STSong';
text-align: center;
}
</style>
CourseCard.vue
<template>
<div class="course">
<Nav></Nav>
<h1>课程主页</h1>
<CourseCard :card="card" v-for="card in card_list" :key="card"></CourseCard>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Nav from '@/components/Nav'
import CourseCard from '@/components/CourseCard'
export default {
name: "Course",
data() {
return {
card_list: []
}
},
components: {
Nav,
CourseCard
},
created() {
let cards = [
{
id: 1,
bgColor: 'red',
title: 'Python基础'
},
{
id: 3,
bgColor: 'blue',
title: 'Django入土'
},
{
id: 8,
bgColor: 'yellow',
title: 'MySQL删库高级'
},
];
this.card_list = cards;
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
h1 {
text-align: center;
background-color: brown;
}
</style>
router.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import PageFirst from './views/PageFirst'
import PageSecond from './views/PageSecond'
import Course from './views/Course'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode: 'history',
base: process.env.BASE_URL,
routes: [
{
path: '/page-first',
name: 'page-first',
component: PageFirst
},
{
path: '/page/first',
// redirect: {'name': 'page-first'},
redirect: '/page-first'
},
{
path: '/page-second',
name: 'page-second',
component: PageSecond
},
{
path: '/course',
name: 'course',
component: Course
},
]
})