总结下mysql rpm安装的方式，与一些错误
环境
[root@host2 ~]# uname -a
Linux host2 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 01:55:02 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@host2 ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel
on an m
1,检查是否安装
[root@host2 ~]# rpm -qa | grep --color mysqlMySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
2,删除已安装
[root@host2 ~]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@host2 ~]#
3,查验，这样删还是会留下一些东西
[root@host2 ~]# find / -name mysql
[root@host2 ~]# find / -name *mysql*
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/mysql.pp
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/sos/plugins/mysql.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/sos/plugins/mysql.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/sos/plugins/mysql.py
/usr/share/vim/vim72/syntax/mysql.vim
/usr/share/selinux/devel/include/services/mysql.if
/usr/share/selinux/targeted/mysql.pp.bz2
/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-5.8.10/rsyslog_mysql.html
/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-5.8.10/ommysql.html
/usr/share/man/man5/mysql_table.5.gz
/usr/lib64/libreoffice/program/libmysqllo.so
/selinux/booleans/allow_user_mysql_connect
/selinux/booleans/mysql_connect_any
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/b642f65e3df41063e068158061ae2e08f22e3dad-mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6-x86_64
保证下面安装顺利,最好是将这些文件都删除
4,查验有否mysql用户和组
[root@host2 ~]# nl /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@host2 ~]# nl /etc/shadow | grep mysql
5,解包
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #RHEL兼容包
MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL客户端程序
MySQL-shared-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的共享库
MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL服务端程序
MySQL-test-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的测试组件
MySQL-devel-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的库和头文件
MySQL-embedded-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的嵌入式程序
6,安装，会自动初始化数据库
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%] warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root 2015-01-20 13:10:42 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 0 A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] Binlog end 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 2015-01-20 13:10:45 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 1625977 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] Binlog end 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2015-01-20 13:10:47 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER ! You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'. You must change that password on your first connect, no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted. See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag. Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed. In addition, you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test database. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings
7,RPM安装方式文件分布
Table 2.6 MySQLInstallation Layout for Linux RPM Packages from the MySQL DeveloperZone
| Directory | Contentsof Directory |
|---|---|
| /usr/bin | Clientprograms and scripts |
| /usr/sbin | Themysqldserver |
| /var/lib/mysql | Logfiles, databases |
| /usr/share/info | Manualin Info format |
| /usr/share/man | Unixmanual pages |
| /usr/include/mysql | Include(header) files |
| /usr/lib/mysql | Libraries |
| /usr/share/mysql | Miscellaneoussupport files, including error messages, character set files,sample configuration files, SQL for database installation |
| /usr/share/sql-bench | Benchmarks |
8,copy配置文件
# 没有这一步也可以按内置参数
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
9,启动mysql
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# service mysql status
MySQL is not running [FAILED]
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
10,检查进程
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# netstat -anpl | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 5924/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 76015 5924/mysqld /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
11,安装客户端
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]
12,连到mysql并修改
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# nl /root/.mysql_secret
1 # The random password set for the root user at Tue Jan 20 13:10:43 2015 (local time): F76Wy1A4G9ZuLcaG ---这是初次登录mysql，root的密码
[root@host2 mysql_rpm]# mysql -p mysql
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql>
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> q
Bye
在启动过程中，曾遇到这个错误（The server quit without updating PID file），相信许多人应该也遇到过，做下总结：
原因：在MySQL的datadir数据目录下没有pid文件或者未被授权
解决方式：
（1）一定要给譬如/data/mysql授权
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
（2）如果授权了不好使，你可以自己在/data/mysql下建立一个以主机名命名的pid，如我的主机名是centos-6.3
你可以cd /data/mysql && touch centos-6.3.pid
在里面随意写一个进程中没有的pid号
（3）如果还是不行，你就需要看看配置文件/etc/my.cnf里面的配置了，将port、datadir、basedir、 socket前的#去掉
（4）另外的处理方法还有可能是下面的原因导致
1>可能是第二次在机器上安装mysql，有残余数据影响了服务的启动。
解决方法：去mysql的数据目录/data看看，如果存在mysql-bin.index，就赶快把它删除掉吧，它就是罪魁祸首了
2>mysql在启动时没有指定配置文件时会使用/etc/my.cnf配置文件，请打开这个文件查看在[mysqld]节下有没有指定数据目录(datadir)。
解决方法：请在[mysqld]下设置这一行：datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
3>skip-federated字段问题
解决方法：检查一下/etc/my.cnf文件中有没有没被注释掉的skip-federated字段，如果有就立即注释掉吧。
4>selinux惹的祸，如果是centos系统，默认会开启selinux（今天遇到的错误就是这个）
解决方法：关闭它，打开/etc/selinux/config，把SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled后存盘退出重启机器试试。