spring boot 注入属性的几种方式

1.@PropertySource：指定属性文件的路径  如 classpath:jdbc.properties

@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class JdbcConfiguration {

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.driverClassName}")
    String driverClassName;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    String password;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

2. 通过@ConfigurationProperties注解声明当前类为属性读取类  

      prefix="jdbc"读取属性文件中，前缀为jdbc的值。

没有指定属性文件的地址，SpringBoot默认会读取文件名为application.properties的资源文件

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jdbc")
public class JdbcProperties {
    private String url;
    private String driverClassName;
    private String username;
    private String password;
  
}

   通过@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)来声明要使用JdbcProperties这个类的对象

   Autowired 注入 

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcProperties jdbcProperties;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcProperties.getUrl());
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcProperties.getDriverClassName());
        dataSource.setUsername(jdbcProperties.getUsername());
        dataSource.setPassword(jdbcProperties.getPassword());
        return dataSource;
    }

}

  构造函数注入 

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {

    private JdbcProperties jdbcProperties;

    public JdbcConfiguration(JdbcProperties jdbcProperties){
        this.jdbcProperties = jdbcProperties;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        // 略
    }

}

@Bean方法的参数注入

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
public class JdbcConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(JdbcProperties jdbcProperties) {
        // ...
    }
}

3    我们直接把@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jdbc")声明在需要使用的@Bean的方法上，然后SpringBoot就会自动调用这个Bean（此处是DataSource）的set方法，然后完成注入。使用的前提是：该类必须有对应属性的set方法！

@Configuration
public class JdbcConfiguration {
    
    @Bean
    // 声明要注入的属性前缀，SpringBoot会自动把相关属性通过set方法注入到DataSource中
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jdbc")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        return dataSource;
    }
}