Hadoop基础（七）：HDFS的Shell操作（开发重点）

1．基本语法

bin/hadoop fs 具体命令   OR  bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令

dfs是fs的实现类。

2．命令大全

 

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs

[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

 

3．常用命令实操

（0）启动Hadoop集群（方便后续的测试）

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

（1）-help：输出这个命令参数

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -help rm

（2）-ls: 显示目录信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /

（3）-mkdir：在HDFS上创建目录

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo

（4）-moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ touch kongming.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs  -moveFromLocal  ./kongming.txt  /sanguo/shuguo

（5）-appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ touch liubei.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ vi liubei.txt
输入
san gu mao lu
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（6）-cat：显示文件内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（7）-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown：Linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs  -chmod  666  /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs  -chown  atguigu:atguigu   /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（8）-copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /

（9）-copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

（10）-cp ：从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt

（11）-mv：在HDFS目录中移动文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/

（12）-get：等同于copyToLocal，就是从HDFS下载文件到本地

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

（13）-getmerge：合并下载多个文件，比如HDFS的目录 /user/atguigu/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,...

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/atguigu/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt

（14）-put：等同于copyFromLocal

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -put ./zaiyiqi.txt /user/atguigu/test/

（15）-tail：显示一个文件的末尾

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（16）-rm：删除文件或文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /user/atguigu/test/jinlian2.txt

（17）-rmdir：删除空目录

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test

（18）-du统计文件夹的大小信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/atguigu/test
2.7 K  /user/atguigu/test

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -du  -h /user/atguigu/test
1.3 K  /user/atguigu/test/README.txt
15     /user/atguigu/test/jinlian.txt
1.4 K  /user/atguigu/test/zaiyiqi.txt

（19）-setrep：设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

图3-3  HDFS副本数量

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备，最多也就3个副本，只有节点数的增加到10台时，副本数才能达到10。