机器学习sklearn（四）： 数据处理（一）数据集拆分（一）train_test_split

train_test_split

In scikit-learn a random split into training and test sets can be quickly computed with the train_test_split helper function. Let’s load the iris data set to fit a linear support vector machine on it:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
>>> from sklearn import datasets
>>> from sklearn import svm

>>> X, y = datasets.load_iris(return_X_y=True)
>>> X.shape, y.shape
((150, 4), (150,))

We can now quickly sample a training set while holding out 40% of the data for testing (evaluating) our classifier:

>>> X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
...     X, y, test_size=0.4, random_state=0)

>>> X_train.shape, y_train.shape
((90, 4), (90,))
>>> X_test.shape, y_test.shape
((60, 4), (60,))

>>> clf = svm.SVC(kernel='linear', C=1).fit(X_train, y_train)
>>> clf.score(X_test, y_test)
0.96...

API

sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split(*arrays, test_size=None, train_size=None, random_state=None, shuffle=True, stratify=None)[source]

Split arrays or matrices into random train and test subsets

Quick utility that wraps input validation and next(ShuffleSplit().split(X, y)) and application to input data into a single call for splitting (and optionally subsampling) data in a oneliner.

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters

*arrayssequence of indexables with same length / shape[0]

Allowed inputs are lists, numpy arrays, scipy-sparse matrices or pandas dataframes.

test_sizefloat or int, default=None

If float, should be between 0.0 and 1.0 and represent the proportion of the dataset to include in the test split. If int, represents the absolute number of test samples. If None, the value is set to the complement of the train size. If train_size is also None, it will be set to 0.25.

train_sizefloat or int, default=None

If float, should be between 0.0 and 1.0 and represent the proportion of the dataset to include in the train split. If int, represents the absolute number of train samples. If None, the value is automatically set to the complement of the test size.

random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None

Controls the shuffling applied to the data before applying the split. Pass an int for reproducible output across multiple function calls. See Glossary.

shufflebool, default=True

Whether or not to shuffle the data before splitting. If shuffle=False then stratify must be None.

stratifyarray-like, default=None

If not None, data is split in a stratified fashion, using this as the class labels. Read more in the User Guide.

Returns

splittinglist, length=2 * len(arrays)

List containing train-test split of inputs.

New in version 0.16: If the input is sparse, the output will be a scipy.sparse.csr_matrix. Else, output type is the same as the input type.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
>>> X, y = np.arange(10).reshape((5, 2)), range(5)
>>> X
array([[0, 1],
       [2, 3],
       [4, 5],
       [6, 7],
       [8, 9]])
>>> list(y)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
...     X, y, test_size=0.33, random_state=42)
...
>>> X_train
array([[4, 5],
       [0, 1],
       [6, 7]])
>>> y_train
[2, 0, 3]
>>> X_test
array([[2, 3],
       [8, 9]])
>>> y_test
[1, 4]

>>> train_test_split(y, shuffle=False)
[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4]]