TIKZ是LaTeX的一个绘图包,可以绘制其他软件很难画出来的图像。
基本用法
直线、垂足、矩形、椭圆
代码:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包
egin{document}
egin{tikzpicture}
draw[->] (0,0)--(7,0);
draw[->] (0,0)--(0,7); %箭头线
draw[red] (2,1) -| (1,2);%直角1
draw[blue] (2,1)|-(1,2);%直角2
draw[green] (2,2) circle (1);%圆:圆心、半径
draw[black] (4,4) ellipse (1 and 3);%椭圆:短、长半轴
draw[yellow] (3,3) rectangle (4,1);%矩形
draw[orange] (0,0) -- (2,1-|1,2);%找到垂点并与(0,0)连线
draw[purple] (0,1)--(1,1.5)--(0,2)--cycle %封闭的线段
(0,2)--(1,3);%不加分号的连写
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
效果图:
圆弧、椭圆弧、三角函数曲线、贝塞尔曲线
代码:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包
egin{document}
egin{tikzpicture}
draw[->] (0,0)--(7,0);
draw[->] (0,0)--(0,7); %箭头线
draw[red] (3,2) arc (0:120:1);%圆弧:起始点,开始角度:结束角度:半径
draw[blue] (3,2) arc (0:120:1 and 2);%椭圆弧
draw[green] (0,0) sin (3,1) cos (5,0);%画pi/2的正弦、余弦
draw[orange] (3,3)..controls (4,4)and(5,5) .. (4,3); %贝塞尔曲线:起点..controls 控制点 and 控制点..终点
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
效果图:
辅助线、网格、填充、自定义函数
代码:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包
egin{document}
egin{tikzpicture}
draw[help lines,step = 0.5] (-3,-3) grid (3,3); %辅助线格子
draw[-latex] (-4,0) -- (4,0);
draw[-latex] (0,-4) -- (0,4);%实心箭头
draw[domain = -2:360][samples = 200] plot({cos(x)}, {0.5*sin(x)});%函数图像,参数方程,内有小括号,外面必须用花括号括起来,samples是画函数图时列出的点
filldraw[fill = yellow,draw = blue][ultra thick] (2,2) circle (1);%填色,还可以设置线宽
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
效果图:
图形旋转、平移、缩放、变形、圆角多边形、箭头设置
代码:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包
egin{document}
egin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth]%设置箭头,环境中所有箭头都用这个库
draw[->] (-4,0) -- (4,0);
draw[->>] (0,-4) -- (0,4);
draw(-3,2)--(-3,3)[rounded corners = 0.3cm]
-- (-2,3)--(-1.5,2)[sharp corners]--(-2.5,1)--cycle;%圆角多边形
draw[help lines](0,0) rectangle (1,1);%辅助线
draw[scale=1.5] (0,0) rectangle (1,1);%缩放
draw[rotate=30] (0,0) rectangle (1,1);%扰起点旋转
draw[help lines](2,0) rectangle (3,1);
draw[shift={(0.5,0.5)}](2,0) rectangle (3,1);%平移
draw[help lines](4,0) rectangle (5,1);
draw[xslant=0.4](4,0) rectangle (5,1);%倾斜
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
效果图:
锚点、自定义属性
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包 egin{document} egin{tikzpicture} draw[->] (-4,0) -- (4,0); draw[->>] (0,-4) -- (0,4); ode (A) at (2,2) {$A_1$}; ode[draw] (B) at (3,2) {B};%draw属性添加自适应大小的方框 ode[draw] (C) at (2.5,3) {}; draw (A) -- (B.center) -- (C.north) -- (A);%连线可以连到字母方框的某个位置:center/north/south/east/west ode[draw,anchor=east] (a) at (A) {$a_0$};%定义A的锚点在A位置的东部,然后定义a,并将其位置定义为A位置的中心 ode[draw,below right=4pt] (b) at (B) {b};%在相对于B的位置右下方4pt的地方定义b ode[circle,fill=blue,text=white,font={fseries}] (A) at (0,0) {A node};%填充、各种可自定义的参数 ode[rectangle,rounded corners,draw=gray,font={sffamilyslshape}] (B) at (2,0) {B node}; ode[draw] (P) at (-3,3){center}; draw[dotted] (0,0)--(P.south);%画某点到某点的南边的线 end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图:
线段与点的标注
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包 egin{document} egin{tikzpicture} draw (2,1.5)coordinate (A)node[above] {$A$}%定义点A并标注A --node[above left,sloped] {$c$}%给线标注c (0,0)coordinate (B)node[left] {$B$} --node[below]{$a$} (2.5,0)coordinate (C)node[right]{$C$} --node[right]{$b$} cycle; end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图:
例子
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}%画箭头用的包 egin{document} egin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth] draw[->,line width=0.2pt](-0.5,0)--(4.5,0); draw[->,line width=0.2pt](0,-0.5)--(0,2.5); coordinate (a) at (0.5,1.9); coordinate (b) at (4,1.2); coordinate (a0) at (a |- 0,0); coordinate (b0) at (b |- 0,0); ode[below] at (a0) {$a$}; ode[below] at (b0) {$b$}; filldraw[fill=gray!50,draw,thick] (a0)--(a)..controls(1,2.8)and(2.7,0.4)..(b)--(b0)--cycle; ode[above right,outer sep=0.2cm,rounded corners,fill = green!20,draw = black,text = blue!60!red,scale = 0.6] %blue60,red40 at (b) {$displaystyleint_a^bf(x)dx = F(b)-F(a)$};%写标注,draw边框,fill填充,scale字体大小 end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图:
用循环、判断语句绘图
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usepackage{pgffor}%可以使用foreach的包 usepackage{ifthen}%可以使用ifthenelse的包,还能使用whiledo egin{document} egin{tikzpicture} foreach i in {0,...,5}{ foreach j in {0,...,i}{ ifthenelse{i > 3}{%if成立 ode[fill = green!20,rounded corners]at (i,j) {(i,j)}; }{%if不成立 ode[fill = red!20,rounded corners]at (i,j) {(i,j)}; } } } end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图:
定义变量、使用函数
这个库可以让你使用过程语言结合LaTeX的画图脚本的来画图,十分方便。主要就是导入math库:
usetikzlibrary{math}%使用数学程序
usetikzlibrary{fpu}%修理不能使用ifthenelse的错误
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{fpu}%修理不能使用ifthenelse的错误!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! usetikzlibrary{math}%使用数学程序 egin{document} egin{tikzpicture} ikzmath{ %数学程序编写,定义的变量可以在其外部使用,里面所有语句都要加分号; 并且不能有多余的回车 function paint_loop(x,y){ %函数中只能使用局部变量,外部变量不能用 for i in {0,1,...,x}{ for j in {0,...,y}{ int ii,jj; ii = i*1.5; jj = j; if ii > 2 then {%条件分支语句 {%绘图代码在数学程序内部使用,要用画括号括起来!!!! ode[draw,fill = green!20,rounded corners] at (ii,jj) {(ii,jj)}; }; }else{ { ode[draw,fill = red!20,rounded corners] at (ii,jj) {(ii,jj)}; }; }; }; }; }; a = 5; %和python一样,加个.就是实数,不加点就是小数 = 3; paint_loop(a,); coordinate co;%能自定义的变量有int、real、coordinate(坐标),不能在定义的时候赋值 co = (3,4.5); } draw[-latex] (-1,0) -- (5,0); draw[-latex] (0,-1) -- (0,5); ode at (co) {COCOCO}; %在tikzmath中定义的变量在能外部使用 end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图:
绘制神经网络图
代码:
documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{fpu}%修理不能使用ifthenelse的错误!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! usetikzlibrary{math}%使用数学程序 egin{document} egin{tikzpicture} ikzmath{ function paint_nodes( adius,gapy,posx, um){ gapy = gapy+ adius*2; starty = gapy*( um-1)/2; for i in {0,..., um-1}{ drawy = starty - i*gapy; { filldraw[line width = 0.5pt,fill = white] (posx,drawy) circle ( adius); }; }; }; function paint_lines( adius,gapy,posx, um, extposx, extnum){ gapy = gapy+ adius*2; starty = gapy*( um-1)/2; startyy = gapy*( extnum-1)/2; for i in {0,..., um-1}{ drawy = starty - i*gapy; for j in {0,..., extnum-1}{ drawyy = startyy - j*gapy; { draw (posx,drawy) -- ( extposx,drawyy); }; }; }; }; function paint_x_lines( adius,gapy,posx, um,ifright,len){ gapy = gapy+ adius*2; starty = gapy*( um-1)/2; for i in {0,..., um-1}{ drawy = starty - i*gapy; if ifright == 1 then{ { draw[-latex] (posx,drawy) -- (posx+len,drawy); }; }else{ { draw[-latex] (posx,drawy)--(posx-len,drawy); }; }; }; }; function paint_net(x0,x1,x2,x3){ gapx = 2; adius = 0.3; gapy = 0.2; paint_lines( adius,gapy,0*gapx,x0,1*gapx,x1); paint_lines( adius,gapy,1*gapx,x1,2*gapx,x2); paint_lines( adius,gapy,2*gapx,x2,3*gapx,x3); paint_x_lines( adius,gapy,3*gapx,x3,1,1.8); paint_x_lines( adius,gapy,0*gapx-1,x0,1,1); paint_nodes( adius,gapy,1*gapx,x1); paint_nodes( adius,gapy,2*gapx,x2); paint_nodes( adius,gapy,3*gapx,x3); }; paint_net(7,9,10,5); } ode[scale = 0.9] at (0,-4.2) {Feature}; ode[scale = 0.9] at (2,-4.2) {Input layer}; ode[scale = 0.9] at (4,-4.2) {Hide layer}; ode[scale = 0.9] at (6,-4.2) {Output layer}; end{tikzpicture} end{document}
效果图: