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  • 周强 201771010141 《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周实验总结

    实验部分

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

    (2) 了解断言的用法;

    (3) 了解日志的用途;

    (4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

    //异常示例1

    public class ExceptionDemo1 {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

    int a = 0;

    System.out.println(5 / a);

    }

    }

    //异常示例2

    import java.io.*;

    public class ExceptionDemo2 {

    public static void main(String args[])

         {

              FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象

              int b;

              while((b=fis.read())!=-1)

              {

                  System.out.print(b);

              }

              fis.close();

          }

    }

    修改后:

    public class ExceptionDemo1 {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            int a = 0;
            if(a==0) {
                System.out.println("除数为零");
            }
            else
            {
                System.out.println(5 / a);
            }
            
        }
    
    }
    import java.io.*;
    
    public class ExceptionDemo2{ 
        public static void main(String args[])  
         {
              FileInputStream fis;
            try {
              fis = new FileInputStream("text.txt"); 
              int b;
              while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
              {
                  System.out.print(b);
              }
              fis.close();
            }catch (Exception e) {
                  // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                  e.printStackTrace();//打印堆栈信息
    //            System.out.println("Hello.");
            }//JVM自动生成异常对象
         }
    }

    实验2 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

    掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
     * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class StackTraceTest
    {
       /**
        * Computes the factorial of a number
        * @param n a non-negative integer
        * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
        */
       public static int factorial(int n)//求阶乘
       {
          System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
          Throwable t = new Throwable();
          StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();//创建一个表示指定执行点的堆栈跟踪元素,t存放方法调用栈的信息
          for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
             System.out.println(f);
          int r;
          if (n <= 1) r = 1;
          else r = n * factorial(n - 1);//计算n个数的阶乘需要调用之前n-1个数的阶乘
          System.out.println("return " + r);
          return r;
       }
    
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter n: ");
          int n = in.nextInt();
          factorial(n);
       }
    }

    测试程序2:

    l Java语言的异常处理积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式

    l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

    掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

    //积极处理方式  

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[])

       {

           try{

           FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

           }

           catchFileNotFoundExcption e

         {   ……  }

    ……

        }

    }

    //消极处理方式

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption

         {

          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

         }

    }

    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class ExceptionalTest {
        public static void main(String args[]) {
             try {
                    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
                    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                    String a,b = new String();
                    while ((a = in.readLine()) != null) {
                        b += a + "
     ";
                    }
                    in.close();
                    System.out.println(b);
    
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            }
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class ExceptionalTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String a, b = new String();
            while ((a = in.readLine()) != null) {
                b += a+ "
     ";
            }
            in.close();
            System.out.println(b);
        }
    }

    实验3: 编程练习

    练习1

    编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

    l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

    l 查询最大年龄的人员信息;

    l 查询最小年龄人员信息;

    输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

    l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

    l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    import java.util.Collections;//对集合进行排序、查找、修改等;
    
    public class Test {
        private static ArrayList<Citizen> citizenlist;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            citizenlist = new ArrayList<>();
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            File file = new File("E:/java/身份证号.txt");
            //异常捕获
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
    
                    Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
    
                    linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                    String name = linescanner.next();
                    String id = linescanner.next();
                    String sex = linescanner.next();
                    String age = linescanner.next();
                    String birthplace = linescanner.nextLine();
                    Citizen citizen = new Citizen();
                    citizen.setName(name);
                    citizen.setId(id);
                    citizen.setSex(sex);
                    // 将字符串转换成10进制数
                    int ag = Integer.parseInt(age);
                    citizen.setage(ag);
                    citizen.setBirthplace(birthplace);
                    citizenlist.add(citizen);
    
                }
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("信息文件找不到");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("信息文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            boolean isTrue = true;
            while (isTrue) {
    
                System.out.println("1.按姓名字典序输出人员信息");
                System.out.println("2.查询最大年龄的人员信息、查询最小年龄人员信息");
                System.out.println("3.查询人员中是否查询人员中是否有你的同乡");
                System.out.println("4.输入你的年龄,查询文件中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地");
                System.out.println("5.退出");
                int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
                switch (nextInt) {
                case 1:
                    Collections.sort(citizenlist);
                    System.out.println(citizenlist.toString());
                    break;
                case 2:
                    int max = 0, min = 100;
                    int m, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                    for (int i = 1; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
                        m = citizenlist.get(i).getage();
                        if (m > max) {
                            max = m;
                            k1 = i;
                        }
                        if (m < min) {
                            min = m;
                            k2 = i;
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("年龄最大:" + citizenlist.get(k1));
                    System.out.println("年龄最小:" + citizenlist.get(k2));
                    break;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println("出生地:");
                    String find = scanner.next();
                    String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                    for (int i = 0; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
                        if (citizenlist.get(i).getBirthplace().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
                            System.out.println("出生地" + citizenlist.get(i));
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    System.out.println("年龄:");
                    int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                    int near = peer(yourage);
                    int j = yourage - citizenlist.get(near).getage();
                    System.out.println("" + citizenlist.get(near));
                    break;
                case 5:
                    isTrue = false;
                    System.out.println("程序已退出!");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("输入有误");
                }
            }
        }
    
        public static int peer(int age) {
            int flag = 0;
            int min = 53, j = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
                j = citizenlist.get(i).getage() - age;
                if (j < 0)
                    j = -j;
                if (j < min) {
                    min = j;
                    flag = i;
                }
            }
            return flag;
        }
    }
    public class Citizen implements Comparable<Citizen> {
    
        private String name;
        private String id;
        private String sex;
        private int age;
        private String birthplace;
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getSex() {
            return sex;
        }
    
        public void setSex(String sex) {
            this.sex = sex;
        }
    
        public int getage() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setage(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public String getBirthplace() {
            return birthplace;
        }
    
        public void setBirthplace(String birthplace) {
            this.birthplace = birthplace;
        }
    
        public int compareTo(Citizen other) {
            return this.name.compareTo(other.getName());
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return name + "	" + sex + "	" + age + "	" + id + "	" + birthplace + "
    ";
        }
    }

    练习2

    l 编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

    利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

    将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt

    l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class calculator {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
            PrintWriter out = null;
            try {
                out = new PrintWriter("test.txt");
                int sum = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 10);
                    int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 10);
                    int menu = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
                    switch (menu) {
                    case 1:
                        System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=");
                        int c1 = in.nextInt();
                        if (c1 == (a + b)) {
                            sum += 10;
                            System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                        } else {
                            System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                        }
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        System.out.println(a + "-" + b + "=");
                        int c2 = in.nextInt();
                        if (c2 == (a - b)) {
                            sum += 10;
                            System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                        } else {
                            System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                        }
    
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        System.out.println(a + "*" + b + "=");
                        int c = in.nextInt();
                        if (c == a * b) {
                            sum += 10;
                            System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                        } else {
                            System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                        }
    
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        if (b == 0) {
                            System.out.println("除数为零");
                        } else {
                            System.out.println(a + "/" + b + "=");
                        }
                        int c4 = in.nextInt();
                        if (c4 == a / b) {
                            sum += 10;
                            System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                        } else {
                            System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
                        }
    
                        break;
                    }
                }
                System.out.println("你的得分为" + sum);
                out.println("你的得分为" + sum);
                out.close();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    }

    实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

    实验程序1

    //断言程序示例

    public class AssertDemo {

        public static void main(String[] args) {        

            test1(-5);

            test2(-3);

        }

        

        private static void test1(int a){

            assert a > 0;

            System.out.println(a);

        }

        private static void test2(int a){

           assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";

            System.out.println(a);

        }

    }

    l 在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

    实验程序2:

    l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.logging.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
     * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class LoggingImageViewer
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
           //将所有消息记录到应用程序特定的文件中
          if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
                && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
          {
             try//放入可能出错的语句
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);//得到日志记录器
                final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
                Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
             }
             catch (IOException e)
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
                      "Can't create log file handler", e);
             }
          }
    
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->//使事件派发线程上的可运行对象排队
                {
                   Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
                   windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
    
                   JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
                   frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
                   frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
                   frame.setVisible(true);
                });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * 显示图像的帧。
     */
    class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   
    
       private JLabel label;
       private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
    
       public ImageViewerFrame()
       {
          logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    
          //设置菜单栏
          JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
    
          JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
          menuBar.add(menu);
    
          JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
          menu.add(openItem);
          openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
    
          JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          menu.add(exitItem);
          exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
             {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   logger.fine("Exiting.");
                   System.exit(0);
                }
             });
    
          //使用标签显示图像
          label = new JLabel();
          add(label);
          logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
       }
    
       private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
    
             //设置文件选择器
             JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
             chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
    
             //接受以.gif结尾的所有文件
             chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
                {
                   public boolean accept(File f)
                   {
                      return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
                   }
    
                   public String getDescription()
                   {
                      return "GIF Images";
                   }
                });
    
             //显示文件选择器对话框
             int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
    
             // 如果图像文件被接受,将其设置为标签的图标
             if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
             {
                String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
                logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
                label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
             }
             else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
             logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
          }
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * 用于在窗口中显示日志记录的处理程序。
     */
    class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler//继承
    {
       private JFrame frame;
    
       public WindowHandler()
       {
          frame = new JFrame();
          final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
          output.setEditable(false);
          frame.setSize(200, 200);
          frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
          frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
          frame.setVisible(true);
          setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
             {
                public void write(int b)
                {
                } // not called
    
                public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
                {
                   output.append(new String(b, off, len));
                }
             });
       }
    
       public void publish(LogRecord record)
       {
          if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
          super.publish(record);
          flush();
       }
    }

    实验程序3:

    l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。

    1)条件断点(有一定条件的断点):在Eclipse Java 编辑区的行头双击就会得到一个断点,代码会运行到此处时停止。

    在断点处点击鼠标右键,选择最后一个“Breakpoint Properties”。

    2)变量断点:在变量的值初始化,或是变量值改变时可以停止。

    3)方法断点:方法断点就是将断点打在方法的入口处。

    4)异常断点:当异常发生时,代码会停在异常发生处。

    5)重新调试:回退时,请在需要回退的线程方法上点右键,选择“Drop to Frame”。

    6)单步执行程序 

    7)检查变量

    8)改变变量值

     实验总结:

       通过本周的学习,我对于Java程序运行中出现的异常,断言有了初步的理解。但是在实验过程中,我发现我需要多加练习,加深理解。课下我会多加练习,对于之前所学的知识多加回顾,查漏补缺。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qq97/p/9866067.html
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