任务计划程序Task Scheduler

一、概述

Windows电脑提供了任务计划程序，对于需要定时执行的任务，可以利用任务计划程序来协助执行。在任务计划程序的帮助下，可以创建要由Windows运行的各种自动化任务。计划任务具体的特性和属性可以参考官网。另外在Linux和Unix系统中也有类似的工具Corn。

二、手动创建任务计划程序

1、启动任务计划服务

• 方式一：开始菜单->运行，输入services.msc 打开服务窗口，亦可以通过控制面板->管理工具->服务，手动对Task Scheduler服务进行启动。

 

• 方式二：通过命令形式启用服务

2、停止任务计划程序服务 

• 方式一：打开服务窗口，右键关闭服务
• 方式二：通过命令方式

3、查看Task Scheduler状态

4、打开任务计划程序

• 方式一：控制面板-管理工具-任务计划程序

•  方式二：windows + R键，打开运行，并输入“taskschd.msc”

5、创建任务计划程序

• 在管理界面，点击任务计划程序库，如图：

•  点击右侧的创建基本任务，如图： 

• 设置任务名称，然后点击下一步，如图：

• 根据需要设置任务执行时间，点击下一步，如图:

• 最后添加定时任务脚本，点击完成即可，如图：

• 可以在建立的任务计划程序上右键进行管理

三、代码创建任务计划程序

1、将基本操作封装为公共库

using System;
using Microsoft.Win32.TaskScheduler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Linq;

namespace SchedulerTask
{
    /// <summary>
    /// windows系统里面的计划任务
    /// </summary>
    public class SchedulerTaskBus
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建一个以指定日期时间为触发条件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="taskName">任务名称</param>
        /// <param name="taskDescription">任务描述</param>
        /// <param name="startBoundary">指定日期时间</param>
        /// <param name="path">应用程序路径</param>
        /// <param name="arguments">应用程序参数</param>
        /// <param name="subFolderName">文件夹名称</param>
        public static void CreateOnceRunTask(string subFolderName, string taskName, string taskDescription, string path, DateTime startBoundary, string arguments)
        {
            using (TimeTrigger trigger = new TimeTrigger(startBoundary))
            {
                using (ExecAction action = new ExecAction(path, arguments, null))
                {
                    CreateTask(subFolderName, taskName, taskDescription, trigger, action);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建一个计划任务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="taskName">任务名称</param>
        /// <param name="taskDescription">任务描述</param>
        /// <param name="trigger">触发条件</param>
        /// <param name="action">执行任务</param>
        /// <param name="subFolderName">文件夹名称</param>
        public static void CreateTask(string subFolderName, string taskName, string taskDescription, Trigger trigger, Microsoft.Win32.TaskScheduler.Action action)
        {
            using (TaskService ts = new TaskService())
            {
                using (TaskDefinition td = ts.NewTask())
                {
                    td.RegistrationInfo.Description = taskDescription;
                    //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8170236/how-to-set-run-only-if-logged-in-and-run-as-with-taskscheduler-in-c
                    //td.Principal.UserId = System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name;
                    //td.Principal.LogonType = TaskLogonType.InteractiveToken;
                    td.Principal.RunLevel = TaskRunLevel.Highest;
                    td.Triggers.Add(trigger);
                    td.Actions.Add(action);

                    TaskFolder folder = ts.RootFolder;
                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(subFolderName))
                    {
                        if (!folder.SubFolders.Exists(subFolderName))
                        {
                            folder = folder.CreateFolder(subFolderName);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            folder = folder.SubFolders[subFolderName];
                        }
                    }
                    folder.RegisterTaskDefinition(taskName, td);
                    folder.Dispose();
                    folder = null;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除某一个子文件夹
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="folderName">绝对路径</param>
        public static void DeleteSubFolders(string folderName = @"Test")
        {
            // Get the service on the local machine 
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                using (TaskFolder folder = taskService.GetFolder(folderName))
                {
                    if (folder.Tasks.Count > 0)
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException("TASKS_EXIST");
                    }
                    if (folder.SubFolders.Count > 0)
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException("SUB_FOLDERS_EXIST");
                    }
                    using (TaskFolder folderParent = taskService.GetFolder(folder.Path.Replace(@"" + folder.Name, "")))
                    {
                        folderParent.DeleteFolder(folder.Name);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取某一个文件夹下面的所有子文件夹
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="folderName">传null表示根文件夹</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<TaskFolder> GetAllSubFolder(string folderName = @"Test")
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                TaskFolder folder = taskService.RootFolder;
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(folderName))
                {
                    folder = taskService.GetFolder(folderName);
                }
                foreach (TaskFolder subFolder in folder.SubFolders)
                {
                    yield return subFolder;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除某一个文件夹下面的某一个任务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="taskName">要删除的任务名称</param>
        /// <param name="folderName">传null表示根文件夹</param>
        public static void DeleteTask(string folderName, string taskName)
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                TaskFolder folder = taskService.RootFolder;
                // 判断文件夹和任务是否存在
                if (folder.SubFolders.Exists(folderName) && folder.SubFolders[folderName].Tasks.Exists(taskName))
                {
                    folder.SubFolders[folderName].DeleteTask(taskName);
                }
                folder.Dispose();
                folder = null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有任务
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<Task> GetAllTask()
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                return taskService.AllTasks;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取某一个文件夹下面的所有任务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="folderName">传null表示根文件夹</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<Task> GetAllTask(string folderName = @"Test")
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                TaskFolder folder = taskService.RootFolder;
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(folderName) && folder.SubFolders.Exists(folderName))
                {
                    folder = taskService.GetFolder(folderName);
                    return folder.AllTasks.ToList();
                }
                return new List<Task>(0);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查找符合条件的所有Task
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="regex"></param>
        /// <param name="searchAllFolders"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<Task> GetAllTask(Regex regex, bool searchAllFolders = true)
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                return taskService.FindAllTasks(regex, searchAllFolders);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查找符合条件的Task
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="taskName"></param>
        /// <param name="searchAllFolders"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Task GetTask(string taskName, bool searchAllFolders = true)
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                return taskService.FindTask(taskName, searchAllFolders);
            }
        }

        public static bool IsExist(string folderName,string taskName)
        {
            using (TaskService taskService = new TaskService())
            {
                TaskFolder folder = taskService.RootFolder;
                // 判断文件夹和任务是否存在
                return folder.SubFolders.Exists(folderName) && folder.SubFolders[folderName].Tasks.Exists(taskName);
            }
        }
    }

}

2、调用公共库

string taskName = $"测试";
string taskDescription = $"测试计划任务";
string arguments = $"arg1={xx}&arg2={xx}";
SchedulerTaskBus.CreateOnceRunTask("Test", taskName, taskDescription, $"{appName}.exe", DateTime.Now.AddDays(1), arguments);