Linux下通过Generic Binaries安装MySQL 5.5

本文原创，欢迎转载。转载请在文章明显可见处张贴如下内容：（注意：请保留超链接格式）

本文为Rainisic原创，欢迎转载，转载请在文章明显可见处张贴原帖信息：

http://www.cnblogs.com/rainisic/archive/2012/05/18/mysql_5_5_install.html

MySQL Generic Binaries下载

下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

Select Platform 选择 Linux - Generic，下载最下面的Linux - Generic 2.6 (x86, 64-bit), Compressed TAR Archive

MySQL安装

解压缩MySQL Generic Binaries

shell> tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/software/develop/
shell> cd /opt/software/develop/
shell> mv mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql-5.5.24

创建MySQL用户及用户组

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql

创建MySQL软链接

shell> ln -s /opt/software/develop/mysql-5.5.24 /usr/local/mysql

进入MySQL目录并设置目录权限

shell> cd mysql-5.5.24
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> chgrp -R mysql .

运行脚本，初始化数据库

shell> ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

如果提示中出现缺少libaio依赖的提示，请安装libaio和libaio-devel，安装如下：

shell> yum install libaio libaio-devel

如果提示OK，并显示需要设置密码，则证明安装成功，接下来就是配置的部分啦～

MySQL配置

从support-files中选择适合自己的配置文件

根据系统内存进行配置文件选择：

配置文件	对应内存需求
my-small.cnf	<=64M（仅运行MySQL）
my-medium.cnf	32M ~ 64M
my-large.cnf	512M
my-huge.cnf	1G ~ 2G

根据上表选择合适的 MySQL 配置文件，拷贝到 /etc/my.cnf ，在此我使用 large 配置

shell> cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

对 my.cnf 进行配置，此处将我的 my.cnf 当作附件贴在最后，大家自行比较吧，里面写有注释。

shell> vim /etc/my.cnf
具体内容参见附件

将MySQL常用文件加入PATH：

shell> sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin
shell> sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/local/bin
shell> sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/local/bin

使用MySQL

启动MySQL服务

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data &

修改root初始密码

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"

通过MySQL Client链接数据库

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p123456

扩展阅读

• 编写脚本方便MySQL服务的启动
• 编写脚本方便MySQL客户端启动
• 官方Generic Binaries安装指南

附录

my.cnf

# Example MySQL config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password    = your_password
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Set the default character set of mysql client
default-character-set=utf8

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

# Set the default character set of mysql server
character-set-server=utf8

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id    = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout