nginx多虚拟主机优先级location匹配规则及tryfiles的使用 1.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问 2.location匹配优先级 3.try_files使用 4.nginx的alias和root区别 5.用什么方法传递用户的真实IP 1.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问 环境准备 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server01.conf server { listen 80; server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com; location / { root /opt/app/code1; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 404 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } } [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server02.conf server { listen 80; server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com; location / { root /opt/app/code2; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 404 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } } [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# diff server01.conf server02.conf 3c3 < server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com; --- > server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com; 6c6 < root /opt/app/code1; --- > root /opt/app/code2; [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code1/index.html <h1>server01</h1> [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code2/index.html <h1>server02</h1> 测试 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html <h1>server01</h1> 修改配置文件，重新加载nginx，再次测试发现访问server02了 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mv server01.conf server03.conf [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html <h1>server02</h1> 2.location匹配优先级 = 进行普通字符精确匹配，也就是完全匹配 ^~ 表示普通字符匹配，使用前缀匹配 ~ ~* 表示执行一个正则匹配() 环境准备： nginx的配置 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat location_test.conf server { listen 80; server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com; root /opt/app; location = /code1/ { rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break; } location ~ /code.* { rewrite ^(.*)$ /code3/index.html break; } location ^~ /code { rewrite ^(.*)$ /code2/index.html break; } } 代码： [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mkdir /opt/app/{code1,code2,code3} [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code1</h1>" >> /opt/app/code1/index.html [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code2</h1>" >> /opt/app/code2/index.html [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code3</h1>" >> /opt/app/code3/index.html 测试： [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/ <h1>server01</h1> <h1>code1</h1> 注释掉code1部分 #location = /code1/ { # rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break; #} 重新加载nginx，测试发现就匹配到了code2中 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/ <h1>server02</h1> <h1>code2</h1> 3.nginx中try_files的使用 环境准备： nginx的配置 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat tryfiles_test.conf server { listen 80; server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com; root /opt/app; location / { root /opt/app/code/cache; try_files $uri @java_page; } location @java_page { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090; } } /opt/app/code/cache/目录下的html页面 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code/cache/jack.html cache tomcat下的html页面 [root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /data/yunva/test_tomcat8.0.37_9090/webapps/ROOT/jack.html <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>server 1</title> </head> <body> <h1>java page</h1> </body> </html> 测试： [root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html cache 将/opt/app/code/cache目录下的html页面重命名，模拟页面不存在，可以看到再次访问就到了@java_page [root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# pwd /opt/app/code/cache [root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# mv jack.html jack.html.bak [root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>server 1</title> </head> <body> <h1>java page</h1> </body> </html> 4.nginx的alias和root区别 Root会做拼接路径处理，alias就不拼接，而是直接访问alias目录下的文件