Android 事件分发与责任链模式

一、责任链模式

责任链模式是一种行为模式,为请求创建一个接收者的对象链.这样就避免,一个请求链接多个接收者的情况.进行外部解耦.类似于单向链表结构。

优点：

1. 降低耦合度。它将请求的发送者和接收者解耦。

2. 简化了对象。使得对象不需要知道链的结构。

3. 增强给对象指派职责的灵活性。通过改变链内的成员或者调动它们的次 序，允许动态地新增或者删除责任。

4. 增加新的请求处理类很方便。

缺点：

1. 不能保证请求一定被接收。

2. 系统性能将受到一定影响，而且在进行代码调试时不太方便，可能会造成循环调用。

3. 可能不容易观察运行时的特征，有碍于除错。

在Android事件分发机制是责任链模式最典型的应用：

dispatchTouchEvent的,就是责任链中的将事件交给下一级处理的.

onInterceptTouchEvent ,就是责任链中,处理自己处理事务的方法.

onTouchEvent 是责任链中 事件上报的事件链。

下面我们来通过Android事件分发机制来感悟一下责任链模式在Android中的应用。

二、Android 事件分发传递机制

1. View事件传递分发层级结构

 a). 事件收集之后最先传递给 Activity， 然后依次向下传递，大致如下：

Activity －> PhoneWindow －> DecorView －> ViewGroup －> ... －> View

这样的事件分发机制逻辑非常清晰，可是，你是否注意到一个问题？如果最后分发到View，如果这个View也没有处理事件怎么办，就这样让事件浪费掉？当然不会啦。

 b). 如果没有任何View消费掉事件，那么这个事件会按照反方向回传，最终传回给Activity，如果最后 Activity 也没有处理，本次事件才会被抛弃:

Activity <－ PhoneWindow <－ DecorView <－ ViewGroup <－ ... <－ View

可以看到，这是一个非常经典的责任链模式，如果我能处理就拦截下来自己干，如果自己不能处理或者不确定就交给责任链中下一个对象。 这种设计是非常精巧的，上层View既可以直接拦截该事件，自己处理，也可以先询问(分发给)子View，如果子View需要就交给子View处理，如果子View不需要还能继续交给上层View处理。既保证了事件的有序性，又非常的灵活。

View点击事件分发有三个关键流程方法:

1.dispatchTouchEvent：事件下发 --- View和ViewGroup都有的方法

2.onInterceptTouchEvent：拦截下发的事件,并交给自己OnTouchEvent处理处理 ---ViewGroup才有的方法

3.onTouchEvent：事件上报 --- View和ViewGroup都有的方法

以下是不同层级对事件的分发、拦截和消费的功能表：

可以看到 Activity 和 View 都是没有事件拦截的：

a). Activity 作为原始的事件分发者，如果 Activity 拦截了事件会导致整个屏幕都无法响应事件，这肯定不是我们想要的效果。

b). View最为事件传递的最末端，要么消费掉事件，要么不处理进行回传，根本没必要进行事件拦截。

下图是点击View，事件传递但是都没有被处理，生成的一个完整的事件分发流程图：

如果事件被View处理了，那么事件分发流程图应该如下：

如果事件被ViewGroup拦截处理了， 那么事件分发流程图应该如下：

从上面的流程，我们可以概括Android的事件分发机制为：责任链模式，事件层层传递，直到被消费。

三、Q&A

上面我们讲解了一下Android的事件分发机制，可能很多人会有疑惑，下面我们针对部分疑惑进行分析和说明：

1. 为什么 View 会有 dispatchTouchEvent ?

答：我们知道 View 可以注册很多事件监听器，例如：单击事件(onClick)、长按事件(onLongClick)、触摸事件(onTouch)，并且View自身也有 onTouchEvent 方法，那么问题来了，这么多与事件相关的方法应该由谁管理？毋庸置疑就是 dispatchTouchEvent，所以 View 也会有事件分发。

View的dispatchTouchEvent源码：

/**
     * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
     * view if it is the target.
     *
     * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
     * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        // If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
        if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
            // We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
            if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
                return false;
            }
            // We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
            event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        boolean result = false;

        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
        }

        final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
            stopNestedScroll();
        }

        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }

            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }

        if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
        }

        // Clean up after nested scrolls if this is the end of a gesture;
        // also cancel it if we tried an ACTION_DOWN but we didn't want the rest
        // of the gesture.
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
                actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
                (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
            stopNestedScroll();
        }

        return result;
    }

2. View事件分发时各个方法调用顺序是怎样的？

a). 单击事件(onClickListener) 需要两个两个事件(ACTION_DOWN 和 ACTION_UP )才能触发，如果先分配给onClick判断，等它判断完再交由其他相应时间显然是不合理的，会造成 View 无法响应其他事件，应该最后调用。(所以此调用顺序最后)

b). 长按事件(onLongClickListener) 同理，也是需要长时间等待才能出结果，肯定不能排到前面，但因为不需要ACTION_UP，应该排在 onClick 前面。(onLongClickListener > onClickListener)

c). 触摸事件(onTouchListener) 如果用户注册了触摸事件，说明用户要自己处理触摸事件了，这个应该排在最前面。(最前)

d). View自身处理(onTouchEvent) 提供了一种默认的处理方式，如果用户已经处理好了，也就不需要了，所以应该排在 onClickListener 后面。(onTouchListener > onClickListener)

所以事件的调度顺序应该是 onTouchListener > onTouchEvent > onLongClickListener > onClickListener。

3. ViewGroup 的事件分发流程又是如何的呢？

在默认的情况下 ViewGroup 事件分发流程是这样的。

a). 判断自身是否需要(询问 onInterceptTouchEvent 是否拦截)，如果需要，调用自己的 onTouchEvent。

b). 自身不需要或者不确定，则询问 ChildView ，一般来说是调用手指触摸位置的 ChildView。

c). 如果子 ChildView 不需要则调用自身的 onTouchEvent。

ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent源码：

@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
        }

        // If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
        // normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
        if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }

            // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
            // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }

            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                // If the event is targeting accessibility focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }

                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }

                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }

        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }

可能看这么长的代码，我们会比较懵，下面我们用伪代码来表示一下：

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
     boolean consume = false;
     if (onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
          consume = onTouchEvent(ev);
     } else {
          consume = child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)
     }
     return consume;
}

这样我们就能更直白的看懂View事件的传递机制了。

4. ViewGroup将事件分发给ChildView的机制


• ViewGroup分发事件时会遍历 ChildView，如果手指触摸的点在 ChildView 区域内就分发给这个View。当 ChildView 重叠时，一般会分配给显示在最上面的 ChildView。
• ViewGroup判断是否需要拦截，主要是根据onInterruptTouchEvent的返回值进行判断。
• 在Down事件中将touch事件分发给ChildView，如果有ChildView捕获消费了Down事件，就会对mFirstTouchTarget进行赋值。mFirstTouchTarget的作用就是记录消费事件的View。
• 在ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法中，会根据mFirstTouchTarget 是否为 null，决定是自己处理 touch 事件，还是分发给子 View。
• Down事件是touch事件序列的起点，决定了后续的事件由谁来消费处理。Cancel事件的触发场景为：父View先不拦截，但在MOVE事件中又重新拦截，此时子View会收到一个Cancel事件，

5. ViewGroup 和 ChildView 同时注册了事件监听器(onClick等)，哪个会执行?

事件优先给 ChildView，会被 ChildView消费掉，ViewGroup 不会响应。

四、参考资料

1. Android事件传递机制分析

2. Android 事件分发机制详解

3. 安卓自定义View进阶-事件分发机制原理

4. 必问的事件分发，你答得上来吗