如何使用Java创建Excel(.xls 和 .xlsx)文件 并写入数据

1，需要依赖的jar包，

<!-- POI(operate excel) start -->
    
    <!-- the version of the following POI packages must be consistent -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
        <version>3.17</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
        <version>3.17</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml-schemas -->
    <!-- the dependent jar package to create .xlsx file  -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
        <version>3.17</version>
    </dependency>
        
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.xmlbeans/xmlbeans -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
        <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-collections/commons-collections -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- POI end -->

2，创建Excel（.xls 和 .xlsx的方法）我详细地写了如何创建.xls 文件，创建.xlsx文件就是引用的类不一样，步骤基本上是一样的。

/**
 * 
 */
package com.nokia.jira.utils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Color;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.HorizontalAlignment;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;






/**
 * @author bpan
 *
 * created 2018年2月27日
 */
public class CreateExcelFile {
    
    private static HSSFWorkbook hWorkbook = null; 
    private static XSSFWorkbook xWorkbook = null;
    
    /** 
     * 判断文件是否存在. 
     * @param fileDir  文件路径 
     * @return 
     */  
    public static boolean fileExist(String fileDir){  
         boolean flag = false;  
         File file = new File(fileDir);  
         flag = file.exists();  
         return flag;  
    }
    
    /** 
     * 判断文件的sheet是否存在. 
     * @param fileDir   文件路径 
     * @param sheetName  表格索引名 
     * @return boolean
     */      
    public static boolean XlsSheetExist(String fileDir, String sheetName){
        
         boolean flag = false;  
         File file = new File(fileDir); 
         
         if (file.exists()) {
             //文件存在，创建workbook             
             try {
                hWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));
                
                HSSFSheet sheet = hWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);                
                if (sheet!=null) {
                    //文件存在，sheet存在
                    
                    flag = true;
                }                
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
         }else {
            //文件不存在
            flag = false;
        }         
         return flag;
    }
    
    /**
     * 创建新excel(xls).
     * @param fileDir excel的路径 
     * @param sheetNames 要创建的表格索引列表
     * @param titleRow  excel的第一行即表格头
     */
    public static void createExcelXls(String fileDir, List<String> sheetNames, String titleRow[]){
        
        //创建workbook
        hWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        //新建文件
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        HSSFRow row = null;        
        try {
            
            CellStyle cellStyle = hWorkbook.createCellStyle();
            cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.LEFT);
            cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.BOTTOM);
            
            //添加Worksheet（不添加sheet时生成的xls文件打开时会报错)
            for(int i = 0; i<sheetNames.size(); i++){
                hWorkbook.createSheet(sheetNames.get(i));
                hWorkbook.getSheet(sheetNames.get(i)).createRow(0);
                //添加表头, 创建第一行
                row = hWorkbook.getSheet(sheetNames.get(i)).createRow(0);
                row.setHeight((short)(20*20));
                for (short j = 0; j < titleRow.length; j++) {
                    
                    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(j, CellType.BLANK);
                    cell.setCellValue(titleRow[j]);
                    cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
                }
                fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileDir);
                hWorkbook.write(fileOutputStream);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            
            if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                try {
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }            
        }
    }
    
    /** 
     * 删除文件. 
     * @param fileDir  文件路径 
     * @return 如果文件不存在返回false, 如果文件存在删除成功之后返回true
     */  
    public static boolean deleteExcel(String fileDir) {  
        boolean flag = false;  
        File file = new File(fileDir);  
        // 判断目录或文件是否存在    
        if (!file.exists()) {  // 不存在返回 false    
            return flag;    
        } else {    
            // 判断是否为文件    
            if (file.isFile()) {  // 为文件时调用删除文件方法    
                file.delete();  
                flag = true;  
            }   
        }  
        return flag;  
     } 
    
    /** 
     * 往excel(xls)中写入(已存在的数据无法写入). 
     * @param fileDir    文件路径 
     * @param sheetName  表格索引 
     * @param object 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    
    public static void writeToExcelXls(String fileDir, String sheetName, List<Map<String,String>> mapList) throws Exception{
        
        //创建workbook
        File file = new File(fileDir);
        
        try {
            hWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));            
            
        }catch(FileNotFoundException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        //文件流
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        HSSFSheet sheet = hWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);
        // 获取表格的总行数  
        // int rowCount = sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1; // 需要加一
        //获取表头的列数
        int columnCount = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
        
        try {  
            // 获得表头行对象  
            HSSFRow titleRow = sheet.getRow(0);
            //创建单元格显示样式
            CellStyle cellStyle = hWorkbook.createCellStyle();
            cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.LEFT);
            cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.BOTTOM);
            
            
            if(titleRow!=null){ 
                for(int rowId = 0; rowId < mapList.size(); rowId++){
                    Map<String,String> map = mapList.get(rowId);
                    HSSFRow newRow=sheet.createRow(rowId+1);
                    newRow.setHeight((short)(20*20));//设置行高  基数为20
                    
                    for (short columnIndex = 0; columnIndex < columnCount; columnIndex++) {  //遍历表头  
                        //trim()的方法是删除字符串中首尾的空格    
                        String mapKey = titleRow.getCell(columnIndex).toString().trim();  
                        HSSFCell cell = newRow.createCell(columnIndex);  
                        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
                        cell.setCellValue(map.get(mapKey)==null ? null : map.get(mapKey).toString());  
                    } 
                }
            }  
  
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileDir);  
            hWorkbook.write(fileOutputStream);  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            throw e;
        } finally {    
            try { 
                if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                }                    
            } catch (IOException e) {    
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }    
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 创建Excel(xlsx)
     * @param fileDir  文件名称及地址
     * @param sheetName sheet的名称
     * @param titleRow  表头
     */
    public static void createExcelXlsx(String fileDir, String sheetName, String titleRow[]){
        
        
        
    }
    
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        String fileDir = "d:\workbook.xls";
        
        List<String> sheetName = new ArrayList<>();
        
        sheetName.add("A");
        sheetName.add("B");
        sheetName.add("C");
        
        System.out.println(sheetName);
        
        String[] title = {"id","name","password"};
        CreateExcelFile.createExcelXls(fileDir, sheetName, title);
        
        List<Map<String,String>> userList1 = new ArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
        Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map.put("id", "111");
        map.put("name", "张三");
        map.put("password", "111！@#");
        
        Map<String,String> map2=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map2.put("id", "222");
        map2.put("name", "李四");
        map2.put("password", "222！@#");
        
        Map<String,String> map3=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map3.put("id", "33");
        map3.put("name", "王五");
        map3.put("password", "333！@#");
        userList1.add(map);
        userList1.add(map2);
        userList1.add(map3);
        
        Map<String, List<Map<String, String>>> users = new HashMap<>();
        
        users.put("A", userList1);
        
        List<Map<String,String>> userList2 = new ArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
        Map<String,String> map4=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map4.put("id", "111");
        map4.put("name", "张三");
        map4.put("password", "111！@#");
        
        Map<String,String> map5=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map5.put("id", "222");
        map5.put("name", "李四");
        map5.put("password", "222！@#");
        
        Map<String,String> map6=new HashMap<String,String>();
        map6.put("id", "33");
        map6.put("name", "王五");
        map6.put("password", "333！@#");
        userList2.add(map4);
        userList2.add(map5);
        userList2.add(map6);
        
        users.put("B", userList2);
        
        List<Map<String,String>> userList3 = new ArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
        
        
        users.put("C", userList3);
        
        System.out.println(sheetName.size());
        
        //删除List 集合中特定的元素
        for(Iterator<String> sheeNameIterator = sheetName.iterator();sheeNameIterator.hasNext();){
            
            String sheet = sheeNameIterator.next();
            
            if ( users.get(sheet).size() == 0) {
                
                sheeNameIterator.remove();
                
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println(sheetName.size());
        
        createExcelXls(fileDir, sheetName, title);
        for (int j = 0; j < sheetName.size(); j++) {
            
            try {
                writeToExcelXls(fileDir, sheetName.get(j), users.get(sheetName.get(j)));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            
        }
        
        
    }
}

3，至于如何设置单元格的样式，大家可以根据自己的兴趣去研究一下。