Sharding-JDBC 按日期时间分库分表

简介

Sharding-JDBC

定位为轻量级Java框架，在Java的JDBC层提供的额外服务。 它使用客户端直连数据库，以jar包形式提供服务，无需额外部署和依赖，可理解为增强版的JDBC驱动，完全兼容JDBC和各种ORM框架。

• 适用于任何基于Java的ORM框架，如：JPA, Hibernate, Mybatis, Spring JDBC Template或直接使用JDBC。
• 基于任何第三方的数据库连接池，如：DBCP, C3P0, BoneCP, Druid, HikariCP等。
• 支持任意实现JDBC规范的数据库。目前支持MySQL，Oracle，SQLServer和PostgreSQL。

集成sharding-jdbc

首先创建创建数据库和表这是sharding-jdbc所要求的。

create database db_201906;
create database db_201907;

use db_201906;
create table t_order_20190614(id int not null auto_increment,order_no varchar(16) NOT NULL,sys_time datetime,PRIMARY KEY (id));
create table t_order_20190615(id int not null auto_increment,order_no varchar(16) NOT NULL,sys_time datetime,PRIMARY KEY (id));
insert into t_order_20190614 values(0,'0123456789','2019-06-14 0:0:0');
insert into t_order_20190615 values(0,'0123456789','2019-06-15 0:0:0');

use db_201907;
create table t_order_20190714(id int not null auto_increment,order_no varchar(16) NOT NULL,sys_time datetime,PRIMARY KEY (id));
create table t_order_20190715(id int not null auto_increment,order_no varchar(16) NOT NULL,sys_time datetime,PRIMARY KEY (id));
insert into t_order_20190714 values(0,'0123456789','2019-07-14 0:0:0');
insert into t_order_20190715 values(0,'0123456789','2019-07-15 0:0:0');

接着是pom.xml文件，添加sharding-jdbc到工程中，主要是下面两个依赖：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.osource.aurora</groupId>
  <artifactId>shardingjdbc</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>shardingjdbc</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
  <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--sharding-jdbc --> 
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.shardingjdbc</groupId>
        <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
        <version>1.3</version>
    </dependency>
        
  </dependencies>
  <build>
      <plugins>
      
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-scm-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>1.9.4</version>
              <configuration>
                  <connectionType>developerConnection</connectionType>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>

          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.5.3</version>
              <configuration>
                  <releaseProfiles>release</releaseProfiles>
                  <autoVersionSubmodules>true</autoVersionSubmodules>
                  <tagBase>https://github.com/sharding/shardingjdbc-framework.git</tagBase>
                  <tagNameFormat>v@{project.version}</tagNameFormat>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>

          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
              <configuration>
                  <skip>true</skip>
                  <aggregate>true</aggregate>
                  <charset>UTF-8</charset>
                  <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                  <docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>

          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
              <configuration>
                  <excludes>
                      <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
                  </excludes>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
          
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              <configuration>
                  <source>1.8</source>
                  <target>1.8</target>
                  <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
          
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
              <configuration>
                  <!-- 设置成true在使用maven打包发布时不做junit测试 -->
                  <skip>true</skip>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
          
      </plugins>
  </build>
 
</project>

首先是数据源配置和库策略、表策略：

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.config.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.config.TableRuleConfiguration;
import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.config.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import io.shardingjdbc.core.jdbc.core.datasource.ShardingDataSource;

@Configuration
public class ShardingDataSourceConfiguration {

    @Value("${spring.datasource.username:root}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.password:123456}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    private String jdbcUrl;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClassName;

    @Value("${shardingjdbc.sql.show:true}")
    private String sqlShow;

    @Value("${mybatis.mapper-locations:mappper/**/*.xml}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    // 配置sharding-jdbc的DataSource，给上层应用使用，这个DataSource包含所有的逻辑库和逻辑表，应用增删改查时，修改对应sql
    // 然后选择合适的数据库继续操作。因此这个DataSource创建很重要。
    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource shardingDataSource() throws SQLException {

        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();

        // 订单表配置，可以累计添加多个配置
        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(getOrderTableRuleConfiguration());
        // shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(getUserTableRuleConfiguration());

        // 打印SQL
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("sql.show", sqlShow);

        return new ShardingDataSource(shardingRuleConfig.build(createDataSourceMap()),
                new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(), props);

    }

    // 创建用户表规则
    @Bean
    TableRuleConfiguration getOrderTableRuleConfiguration() {
        TableRuleConfiguration orderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration();

        orderTableRuleConfig.setLogicTable("t_order");
        orderTableRuleConfig.setLogicIndex("sys_time");

        // 设置数据库策略，传入的是sys_time
        orderTableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(
                new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("sys_time", DatabaseShardingAlgorithm.class.getName()));
        // 设置数据表策略，传入的是sys_time
        orderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(
                new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("sys_time", TableShardingAlgorithm.class.getName()));

        // 设置数据节点，格式为dbxx.tablexx。这里的名称要和map的别名一致。下面两种方式都可以
        // orderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("db_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
        orderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes(
                "db_201906.t_order_20190614,db_201906.t_order_20190615,db_201907.t_order_20190714,db_201907.t_order_20190715");
        // 设置纵列名称
        // orderTableRuleConfig.setKeyGeneratorColumnName("ID");
        return orderTableRuleConfig;
    }

    // 下面函数是获取数据源，即包含有多少个数据库，读入到系统中存放于map中
    private Map<String, DataSource> createDataSourceMap() {
        Map<String, DataSource> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("db_201906",
                createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_201906?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false"));
        result.put("db_201907",
                createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_201907?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false"));
        return result;
    }

    private DataSource createDataSource(final String jdbcUrl) {
        // 使用默认连接池
        BasicDataSource result = new BasicDataSource();
        // 指定driver的类名，默认从jdbc url中自动探测
        result.setDriverClassName(com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.class.getName());
        // 设置数据库路径
        result.setUrl(jdbcUrl);
        // 设置数据库用户名
        result.setUsername(username);
        // 设置数据密码
        result.setPassword(password);
        return result;
    }

    @Bean("sqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSource shardingDataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(shardingDataSource);
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(mapperLocations));
        return sessionFactory.getObject();
    }

    /**
     * - 需要手动配置事务管理器
     */
    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactitonManager(DataSource shardingDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(shardingDataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTmplate(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTmplate = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
        return sqlSessionTmplate;
    }

}

数据库分库策略 DatabaseShardingAlgorithm

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;

import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.algorithm.sharding.PreciseShardingValue;
import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.algorithm.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingAlgorithm;

public class DatabaseShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<String> {

    @Override
    public String doSharding(Collection<String> collection, PreciseShardingValue<String> preciseShardingValue) {

        String db_name = "db_";
        try {
            Date date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(preciseShardingValue.getValue());
            String year = String.format("%tY", date);
            String mon = String.format("%tm", date);
            db_name = db_name + year + mon;
            System.out.println("db_name:" + db_name);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        for (String each : collection) {
            System.out.println("db:" + each);
            if (each.equals(db_name)) {
                return each;
            }
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

}

数据表分表策略 TableShardingAlgorithm

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;

import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.algorithm.sharding.PreciseShardingValue;
import io.shardingjdbc.core.api.algorithm.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingAlgorithm;

public class TableShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<String> {

    @Override
    public String doSharding(Collection<String> collection, PreciseShardingValue<String> preciseShardingValue) {
        String tb_name = preciseShardingValue.getLogicTableName() + "_";
        try {
            Date date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(preciseShardingValue.getValue());
            String year = String.format("%tY", date);
            String mon = String.format("%tm", date);
            String dat = String.format("%td", date);
            tb_name = tb_name + year + mon + dat;
            System.out.println("tb_name:" + tb_name);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        for (String each : collection) {
            System.out.println("t_order_:" + each);
            if (each.equals(tb_name)) {
                return each;
            }
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException();

    }

}

 测试并使用sharding-jdbc

上面基本已经完成了sharding-jdbc的集成，下面将进行测试

创建实体类 Order

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8759492936340749287L;

    private String orderNo;

    private String sysTime;

    public String getOrderNo() {
        return orderNo;
    }

    public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
        this.orderNo = orderNo;
    }

    public String getSysTime() {
        return sysTime;
    }

    public void setSysTime(String sysTime) {
        this.sysTime = sysTime;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order [orderNo=" + orderNo + ", sysTime=" + sysTime + "]";
    }

}

创建服务接口类OrderService 

import java.util.List;

public interface OrderService {

    List<Order> getAll(String sysTime);

}

创建服务接口类实现 OrderServiceImpl

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("orderService")
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;

    @Override
    public List<Order> getAll(String sysTime) {
        return orderMapper.findAll(sysTime);
    }

}

创建 OrderMapper 数据访问层

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper {

    @Select("select * from order where sys_time = #{sysTime}")
    List<Order> findAll(@Param("sys_time") String sysTime);

}

创建 Spring Boot 启动类 SpringBootApplicationTest

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@SpringBootApplication
//开启通用注解扫描
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "org.shardingjdbc" })
@MapperScan(basePackages = { "org.shardingjdbc.mapper.user,org.shardingjdbc.mapper.order" })
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class SpringBootApplicationTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootApplicationTest.class, args);
    }

}

RestController 测试代码

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("orderService")
    private OrderService orderService;

    @RequestMapping("/get")
    public String getOrder() {
        List<Order> list = orderService.getAll("2019-06-14 0:0:0");
        System.out.println(list);
        return "OK";
    }

}

SpringBootTest 测试方法

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * Unit test for simple App.
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringBootApplicationTest.class)
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class AppTest {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("orderService")
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    public void getOrder() {
        List<Order> list = orderService.getAll("2019-06-14 0:0:0");
        System.out.println(list);
    }

}

sharding-jdbc 分库分表实现方式到此基本完成