Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
依赖APP:
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.sessions
模板的context_processors:
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
中间件:
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
一. 配置路由
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/
/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二. 定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
方式一:
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
方式二:
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
list_display
,列表时,定制显示的列。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
def xxxxx(self, obj):
return "xxxxx"list_display_links
,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
list_display_links = ('pwd',)list_filter
,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd')
class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title = _('decade born')
parameter_name = 'xxxxxx'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
"""
显示筛选选项
:param request:
:param model_admin:
:return:
"""
return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title')
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
"""
点击查询时,进行筛选
:param request:
:param queryset:
:return:
"""
v = self.value()
return queryset.filter(ug=v)
list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
list_select_related
,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
分页相关
# 分页,每页显示条数 list_per_page = 100
# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
list_max_show_all = 200
# 分页插件
paginator = Paginatorlist_editable
,列表时,可以编辑的列@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)
list_editable = ('ug',)search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')date_hierarchy
,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
date_hierarchy = 'ctime'preserve_filters
,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件save_as = False
,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”save_as_continue = True
,点击保存并继续编辑save_as_continue = True # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
New in Django 1.10.save_on_top = False
,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮inlines
,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
`class` `UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): ``# TabularInline`` ``extra ``=` `0`` ``model ``=` `models.UserInfo` `class` `GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``list_display ``=` `(``'id'``, ``'title'``,)`` ``inlines ``=` `[UserInfoInline, ]`
action
,列表时,定制action中的操作
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):` ` ``# 定制Action行为具体方法`` ``def` `func(``self``, request, queryset):`` ``print``(``self``, request, queryset)`` ``print``(request.POST.getlist(``'_selected_action'``))` ` ``func.short_description ``=` `"中文显示自定义Actions"`` ``actions ``=` `[func, ]` ` ``# Action选项都是在页面上方显示`` ``actions_on_top ``=` `True`` ``# Action选项都是在页面下方显示`` ``actions_on_bottom ``=` `False` ` ``# 是否显示选择个数`` ``actions_selection_counter ``=` `True`
- 定制HTML模板
`add_form_template ``=` `None``change_form_template ``=` `None``change_list_template ``=` `None``delete_confirmation_template ``=` `None``delete_selected_confirmation_template ``=` `None``object_history_template ``=` `None`
raw_id_fields
,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):` ` ``raw_id_fields ``=` `(``'FK字段'``, ``'M2M字段'``,)`
fields
,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``fields ``=` `(``'user'``,)`
exclude
,详细页面时,排除的字段
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``exclude ``=` `(``'user'``,)`
readonly_fields
,详细页面时,只读字段
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``readonly_fields ``=` `(``'user'``,)`
fieldsets
,详细页面时,使用fieldsets
标签对数据进行分割显示
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``fieldsets ``=` `(`` ``(``'基本数据'``, {`` ``'fields'``: (``'user'``, ``'pwd'``, ``'ctime'``,)`` ``}),`` ``(``'其他'``, {`` ``'classes'``: (``'collapse'``, ``'wide'``, ``'extrapretty'``), ``# 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'`` ``'fields'``: (``'user'``, ``'pwd'``),`` ``}),`` ``)`
- 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``filter_vertical ``=` `(``"m2m字段"``,) ``# 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)`
ordering
,列表时,数据排序规则
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``ordering ``=` `(``'-id'``,)`` ``或`` ``def` `get_ordering(``self``, request):`` ``return` `[``'-id'``, ]`
view_on_site
,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
`view_on_site ``=` `False``或``def` `view_on_site(``self``, obj):`` ``return` `'https://www.baidu.com'`
radio_fields
,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
`radio_fields ``=` `{``"ug"``: admin.VERTICAL} ``# 或admin.HORIZONTAL`
show_full_result_count = True
,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``# show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)`` ``# show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all)`` ``search_fields ``=` `(``'user'``,)`
formfield_overrides = {}
,详细页面时,指定现实插件
`from` `django.forms ``import` `widgets``from` `django.utils.html ``import` `format_html` `class` `MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):`` ``def` `__init__(``self``, attrs``=``None``):`` ``# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box`` ``default_attrs ``=` `{``'cols'``: ``'40'``, ``'rows'``: ``'10'``}`` ``if` `attrs:`` ``default_attrs.update(attrs)`` ``super``(MyTextarea, ``self``).__init__(default_attrs)` ` ``def` `render(``self``, name, value, attrs``=``None``):`` ``if` `value ``is` `None``:`` ``value ``=` `''`` ``final_attrs ``=` `self``.build_attrs(attrs, name``=``name)`` ``return` `format_html(``'<textarea {}>
{}</textarea>'``,final_attrs, value)` `@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):` ` ``formfield_overrides ``=` `{`` ``models.models.CharField: {``'widget'``: MyTextarea},`` ``}`
prepopulated_fields = {}
,添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
form = ModelForm
,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
`from` `app01 ``import` `models``from` `django.forms ``import` `ModelForm``from` `django.forms ``import` `fields` `class` `MyForm(ModelForm):`` ``others ``=` `fields.CharField()` ` ``class` `Meta:`` ``model ``=` `models ``=` `models.UserInfo`` ``fields ``=` `"__all__"` `@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):` ` ``form ``=` `MyForm`
empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
`@admin``.register(models.UserInfo)``class` `UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):`` ``empty_value_display ``=` `"列数据为空时,默认显示"` ` ``list_display ``=` `(``'user'``,``'pwd'``,``'up'``)` ` ``def` `up(``self``,obj):`` ``return` `obj.user`` ``up.empty_value_display ``=` `"指定列数据为空时,默认显示"`