C#微信公众平台开发—高级群发接口

涉及access_token的获取请参考《C#微信公众平台开发—access_token的获取存储与更新》

一、为了实现高级群发功能，需要解决的问题

1、通过微信接口上传图文消息素材时，Json中的图片不是url而是media_id，如何通过微信接口上传图片并获取图片的media_id？

2、图片存储在什么地方，如何获取？

二、实现步骤，以根据OpenID列表群发图文消息为例

1、准备数据

    我把数据存储在数据库中，ImgUrl字段是图片在服务器上的相对路径(这里的服务器是自己的服务器，不是微信的哦)。

    从数据库中获取数据放到DataTable中：

DataTable dt = ImgItemDal.GetImgItemTable(loginUser.OrgID, data);

2、通过微信接口上传图片，返回图片的media_id

    取ImgUrl字段数据，通过MapPath方法获取图片在服务器上的物理地址，用FileStream类读取图片，并上传给微信

HTTP上传文件代码(HttpRequestUtil类)：

/// <summary>
/// Http上传文件
/// </summary>
public static string HttpUploadFile(string url, string path)
{
    // 设置参数
    HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
    CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
    request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
    request.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
    request.Method = "POST";
    string boundary = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("X"); // 随机分隔线
    request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data;charset=utf-8;boundary=" + boundary;
    byte[] itemBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("
--" + boundary + "
");
    byte[] endBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("
--" + boundary + "--
");

    int pos = path.LastIndexOf("\");
    string fileName = path.Substring(pos + 1);

    //请求头部信息 
    StringBuilder sbHeader = new StringBuilder(string.Format("Content-Disposition:form-data;name="file";filename="{0}"
Content-Type:application/octet-stream

", fileName));
    byte[] postHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sbHeader.ToString());

    FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
    byte[] bArr = new byte[fs.Length];
    fs.Read(bArr, 0, bArr.Length);
    fs.Close();

    Stream postStream = request.GetRequestStream();
    postStream.Write(itemBoundaryBytes, 0, itemBoundaryBytes.Length);
    postStream.Write(postHeaderBytes, 0, postHeaderBytes.Length);
    postStream.Write(bArr, 0, bArr.Length);
    postStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length);
    postStream.Close();

    //发送请求并获取相应回应数据
    HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
    //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
    Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
    //返回结果网页（html）代码
    string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
    return content;
}

请求微信接口，上传图片，返回media_id(WXApi类)：

/// <summary>
/// 上传媒体返回媒体ID
/// </summary>
public static string UploadMedia(string access_token, string type, string path)
{
    // 设置参数
    string url = string.Format("http://file.api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token={0}&type={1}", access_token, type);
    return HttpRequestUtil.HttpUploadFile(url, path);
}

string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path); // 上图片返回媒体ID
string media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");

传入的path(aspx.cs文件中的代码)：

string path = MapPath(data);

    一个图文消息由若干条图文组成，每条图文有标题、内容、链接、图片等

    遍历每条图文数据，分别请求微信接口，上传图片，获取media_id

3、上传图文消息素材

拼接图文消息素材Json字符串(ImgItemDal类(操作图文消息表的类))：

/// <summary>
/// 拼接图文消息素材Json字符串
/// </summary>
public static string GetArticlesJsonStr(PageBase page, string access_token, DataTable dt)
{
    StringBuilder sbArticlesJson = new StringBuilder();

    sbArticlesJson.Append("{"articles":[");
    int i = 0;
    foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
    {
        string path = page.MapPath(dr["ImgUrl"].ToString());
        if (!File.Exists(path))
        {
            return "{"code":0,"msg":"要发送的图片不存在"}";
        }
        string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path); // 上图片返回媒体ID
        string media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");
        sbArticlesJson.Append("{");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""thumb_media_id":"" + media_id + "",");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""author":"" + dr["Author"].ToString() + "",");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""title":"" + dr["Title"].ToString() + "",");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""content_source_url":"" + dr["TextUrl"].ToString() + "",");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""content":"" + dr["Content"].ToString() + "",");
        sbArticlesJson.Append(""digest":"" + dr["Content"].ToString() + "",");
        if (i == dt.Rows.Count - 1)
        {
            sbArticlesJson.Append(""show_cover_pic":"1"}");
        }
        else
        {
            sbArticlesJson.Append(""show_cover_pic":"1"},");
        }
        i++;
    }
    sbArticlesJson.Append("]}");

    return sbArticlesJson.ToString();
}

上传图文消息素材，获取图文消息的media_id：

/// <summary>
/// 请求Url，发送数据
/// </summary>
public static string PostUrl(string url, string postData)
{
    byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

    // 设置参数
    HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
    CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
    request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
    request.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
    request.Method = "POST";
    request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
    request.ContentLength = data.Length;
    Stream outstream = request.GetRequestStream();
    outstream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
    outstream.Close();

    //发送请求并获取相应回应数据
    HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
    //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
    Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
    //返回结果网页（html）代码
    string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
    return content;
}

/// <summary>
/// 上传图文消息素材返回media_id
/// </summary>
public static string UploadNews(string access_token, string postData)
{
    return HttpRequestUtil.PostUrl(string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/uploadnews?access_token={0}", access_token), postData);
}

string articlesJson = ImgItemDal.GetArticlesJsonStr(this, access_token, dt);
string newsMsg = WXApi.UploadNews(access_token, articlesJson);
string newsid = Tools.GetJsonValue(newsMsg, "media_id");

 4、群发图文消息

获取全部关注者OpenID集合(WXApi类)：

/// <summary>
/// 获取关注者OpenID集合
/// </summary>
public static List<string> GetOpenIDs(string access_token)
{
    List<string> result = new List<string>();

    List<string> openidList = GetOpenIDs(access_token, null);
    result.AddRange(openidList);

    while (openidList.Count > 0)
    {
        openidList = GetOpenIDs(access_token, openidList[openidList.Count - 1]);
        result.AddRange(openidList);
    }

    return result;
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取关注者OpenID集合
/// </summary>
public static List<string> GetOpenIDs(string access_token, string next_openid)
{
    // 设置参数
    string url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/get?access_token={0}&next_openid={1}", access_token, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(next_openid) ? "" : next_openid);
    string returnStr = HttpRequestUtil.RequestUrl(url);
    int count = int.Parse(Tools.GetJsonValue(returnStr, "count"));
    if (count > 0)
    {
        string startFlg = ""openid":[";
        int start = returnStr.IndexOf(startFlg) + startFlg.Length;
        int end = returnStr.IndexOf("]", start);
        string openids = returnStr.Substring(start, end - start).Replace(""", "");
        return openids.Split(',').ToList<string>();
    }
    else
    {
        return new List<string>();
    }
}

List<string> openidList = WXApi.GetOpenIDs(access_token); //获取关注者OpenID列表

拼接图文消息Json(WXMsgUtil类)：

/// <summary>
/// 图文消息json
/// </summary>
public static string CreateNewsJson(string media_id, List<string> openidList)
{
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.Append("{"touser":[");
    sb.Append(string.Join(",", openidList.ConvertAll<string>(a => """ + a + """).ToArray()));
    sb.Append("],");
    sb.Append(""msgtype":"mpnews",");
    sb.Append(""mpnews":{"media_id":"" + media_id + ""}");
    sb.Append("}");
    return sb.ToString();
}

群发代码：

resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateNewsJson(newsid, openidList));

/// <summary>
/// 根据OpenID列表群发
/// </summary>
public static string Send(string access_token, string postData)
{
    return HttpRequestUtil.PostUrl(string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/send?access_token={0}", access_token), postData);
}

 供群发按钮调用的方法(data是传到页面的id，根据它从数据库中取数据)：

/// <summary>
/// 群发
/// </summary>
public string Send()
{
    string type = Request["type"];
    string data = Request["data"];

    string access_token = AdminUtil.GetAccessToken(this); //获取access_token
    List<string> openidList = WXApi.GetOpenIDs(access_token); //获取关注者OpenID列表
    UserInfo loginUser = AdminUtil.GetLoginUser(this); //当前登录用户 

    string resultMsg = null;

    //发送文本
    if (type == "1")
    {
        resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateTextJson(data, openidList));
    }

    //发送图片
    if (type == "2")
    {
        string path = MapPath(data);
        if (!File.Exists(path))
        {
            return "{"code":0,"msg":"要发送的图片不存在"}";
        }
        string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path);
        string media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");
        resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateImageJson(media_id, openidList));
    }

    //发送图文消息
    if (type == "3")
    {
        DataTable dt = ImgItemDal.GetImgItemTable(loginUser.OrgID, data);
        string articlesJson = ImgItemDal.GetArticlesJsonStr(this, access_token, dt);
        string newsMsg = WXApi.UploadNews(access_token, articlesJson);
        string newsid = Tools.GetJsonValue(newsMsg, "media_id");
        resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateNewsJson(newsid, openidList));
    }

    //结果处理
    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resultMsg))
    {
        string errcode = Tools.GetJsonValue(resultMsg, "errcode");
        string errmsg = Tools.GetJsonValue(resultMsg, "errmsg");
        if (errcode == "0")
        {
            return "{"code":1,"msg":""}";
        }
        else
        {
            return "{"code":0,"msg":"errcode:"
                + errcode + ", errmsg:"
                + errmsg + ""}";
        }
    }
    else
    {
        return "{"code":0,"msg":"type参数错误"}";
    }
}