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kubernetes 学习笔记（一）之安装

一. 离线安装

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1445946

https://github.com/liul85/sealos 这里提供了离线的 kube1.16.0.tar.gz包

https://sealyun.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/37374d999dbadb788ef0461844a70151-1.16.0/kube1.16.0.tar.gz 

https://sealyun.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/7b6af025d4884fdd5cd51a674994359c-1.18.0/kube1.18.0.tar.gz

https://sealyun.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/a4f6fa2b1721bc2bf6fe3172b72497f2-1.17.12/kube1.17.12.tar.gz

使用 sealos 安装出现如下为：

1、 [root@host-10-14-69-125 kubernetes]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"18", GitVersion:"v1.18.0", GitCommit:"9e991415386e4cf155a24b1da15becaa390438d8", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-03-25T14:58:59Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.8", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Error from server (InternalError): an error on the server ("") has prevented the request from succeeding

待补充完整.................................

二. 在线安装

1、前提条件

1）使用操作系统 7.6 ，见《Linux 学习笔记之（一）centos7.6 安装》

2）准备安装 kubernetes 的服务器能够上网

3）准备两台服务器，一台做 k8s master node，另一台做 k8s worker node

2、准备工作

(1) 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

(2) 修改服务器名称并设置DNS

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-2   //k8s-2 是 master 所属服务器名称 
echo "127.0.0.1 k8s-2">>/etc/hosts

(3) 进行时间校时(用aliyun的NTP服务器)

yum install -y ntp
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

(4) 安装常用软件

yum install wget

3、安装 docker

# 安装常用软件
yum install -y yum-utils  device-mapper-persistent-data  lvm2
# 添加docker yum源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#更新并安装 Docker-CE
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
# 启动 docker
service docker start
# 开启自启动 docker
systemctl enable docker
# 查看 docker 服务状态
systemctl status docke

4、配置 docker

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
   # 使用阿里作为镜像加速器
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://obww7jh1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
   # 将 docker 原先使用的驱动 cgroups 更改为 systemd，因为 kubernetes 使用的驱动为 systemd
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
# 使 daemon.json 加载到系统中
systemctl daemon-reload
# 重启 docker
systemctl restart docker
# 查看安装的 docker 相关信息
docker info

5、安装 kubernetes

# 安装 kubernetes yum 源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 查看版本，本次安装1.17.12-0
yum --showduplicates list kubelet | expand   
# 安装 kubeletkubeadmkubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.12-0 kubeadm-1.17.12-0 kubectl-1.17.12-0

6、配置 kubernetes

#关闭 SELINUX
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#设置iptables
cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

#让 k8s.conf生效
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

# 关闭 SWAP
vi /etc/fstab
注释swap分区
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap     swap    defaults        0 0
#保存退出vi后执行
swapoff –a

#开机启动kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

7、初始化 k8s 集群 master node

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

--pod-network-cidr ：后续安装 flannel 的前提条件，且值为 10.244.0.0/16

--image-repository ：指定镜像仓库

执行以上命令，输出的日志为：

[root@k8s-2 opt]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
W1013 10:38:56.543641   19539 version.go:101] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W1013 10:38:56.543871   19539 version.go:102] falling back to the local client version: v1.17.12
W1013 10:38:56.544488   19539 validation.go:28] Cannot validate kube-proxy config - no validator is available
W1013 10:38:56.544515   19539 validation.go:28] Cannot validate kubelet config - no validator is available
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.17.12
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
    [WARNING Service-Docker]: docker service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable docker.service'
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-2 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.149.133]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.149.133 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.149.133 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
W1013 10:42:48.939526   19539 manifests.go:214] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
W1013 10:42:48.941281   19539 manifests.go:214] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 17.010651 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.17" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-2 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-2 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 9od4xd.15l09jrrxa7qo3ny
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.149.133:6443 --token 9od4xd.15l09jrrxa7qo3ny 
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fb23ab81f7b95b36595dfb44ee7aab865aac7671a416b57f9cb2461f45823ea1

按照红色区域执行命令：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

8、需要部署一个 Pod Network 到集群中，此处选择 flannel

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

此时直接将 raw.githubusercontent.com 写入到 /etc/hosts中

echo "199.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com" >> /etc/hosts

PS: 补充说明

raw.githubusercontent.com 对应的真实 IP 可以通过 https://site.ip138.com/raw.githubusercontent.com/ 进行查询，建议使用美国的地址（日本的和香港的测试不行）

再次执行上述命令，执行成功

查看集群状态：

kubectl cluster-info

9、检查是否搭建成功

# 查看所有 node结点
kubectl get nodes
#查看所有命名空间中的 pod
kubectl get pods –all-namespaces

如果初始化过程出现问题，使用如下命令重置

kubeadm reset
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
rm -f $HOME/.kube/config

10、初始化 k8s 集群 worker node

本示例主要是部署一个master 结点，要再添加 worker，可以参见参考资料中的文章。

(1) 按照5、6 步骤在 woker node 结点安装 kubernetes；

(2) 从 master 结点拷贝 /etc/kubernets/adim.conf文件到从结点同等目录下

(3) 在 worker 结点上执行

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
(4) 执行步骤8

(5) 按照步骤9进行校验

11、部署过程中遇到的问题

(1) 部署 docker 完之后，没有去修改它的驱动，导致在部署 kubernetes 启动 kubelet 失败（通过 systemctl status kubelet 查看服务状态）

通过 docker info 命令看到默认驱动是 cgroupfs

所以一定要执行以上的配置 docker 步骤，否则得返回去再去修改 docker 的驱动

在 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件中增加如下配置：
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
systemctl restart docker

重启 docker 之后，再次查看 docker info 信息，

(2) 通过 kubectl get nodes 发现 work 结点是 NotReady 状态的话，可以通过 tail -f /var/log/messages 查询原因。

参考资料：

https://www.cnblogs.com/bluersw/p/11713468.html

https://www.jianshu.com/p/832bcd89bc07

三、kubernetes 卸载及清理

kubeadm reset -f
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd

四、使用 centos 8 安装 kubernetes

安装步骤基本同上，不同点在于

1、手动修改 docker-ce repos

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

将其中的操作系统 center 7 更改为 8

修改后的内容如下：

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge]
name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/debug-$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-source]
name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/source/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

2、安装docker 之前添加对应 yum 源之后，原先执行 yum makecache fast 更改为执行 yum makecache

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/sandyflower/p/13820458.html

kubernetes 学习笔记（一）之 安装

kubernetes 学习笔记（一）之安装