Playwright安装及基本用法

优点：

1、适用于多浏览器、多语言

2、可以使用基于css、xpath、text这些常用的元素定位方式进行录制生成代码，能大幅度的减少写代码的时间，同时代码稳定性也可以保证

3、可以使用api方式操作浏览器内核，速度快，而且可以和浏览器双向沟通，元素操作可以在元素ready的情况下进行，稳定性很好

4、支持UI和非UI方式运行，节省了debug、 run时间

5、与pytest测试框架集成

UI测试框架比较可参考：

虫师的博文：https://www.cnblogs.com/fnng/p/14230840.html

或者https://www.testim.io/blog/puppeteer-selenium-playwright-cypress-how-to-choose/

重要的截图看下：

 

安装

1、安装playwright库（需要python3.7+)

pip install playwright

2、安装浏览器驱动文件(自动安装Chromium、Firefox、WebKit等浏览器的驱动文件)

python -m playwright install

录制

录制命令codegen

通过python -m playwright codegen --help 可查看所有用法

 options含义：

-o:将录制的脚本保存到一个文件的文件名称

--target：指定生成的脚本语言，默认为python，目前支持python和JS

-b:指定浏览器驱动

例如：

使用谷歌浏览器打开百度搜索，脚本文件名称为open_baidu.py，脚本语言为python

命令是：python -m playwright codegen --target python -o open_baidu.py -b chromium https://www.baidu.com

命令行输入后会自动打开浏览器，然后在浏览器上的一举一动都会被自动翻译成代码,结束后自动关闭浏览器，保存生成自动化脚本到py文件

执行命令后如下图：

继续操作，输入关键字“三星堆”，点击百度一下，再关闭浏览器，生成脚本如下：

 源码：

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context()

    # Open new page
    page = context.new_page()

    # Go to https://www.baidu.com/
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")

    # Click input[name="wd"]
    page.click("input[name="wd"]")

    # Fill input[name="wd"]
    page.fill("input[name="wd"]", "三星堆")

    # Click text=百度一下
    page.click("text=百度一下")
    # assert page.url == "https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%A0%86&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=f1b6d9eb0013cce4&rsv_t=7ce127Agtx9HVMNsGe8C3CFkBbc%2FkR2ZyMvDG%2B0UkRXKIQJ5bbY3zm6BO44&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=ib&rsv_sug3=11&rsv_sug1=2&rsv_sug7=100"

    # Close page
    page.close()

    # ---------------------
    context.close()
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

支持同步：

源码1：

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")
    print(page.title())
    page.screenshot(path=f'example.png')
    browser.close()
源码2（参考链接：http://www.51ste.com/share/det-5936-2.html）：from time import sleep

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

# 注意：默认是无头模式
with sync_playwright() as p:
    # 分别对应三个浏览器驱动
    for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
        # 指定为有头模式，方便查看
        browser = browser_type.launch(headless=False)
        page = browser.new_page()
        page.goto('http://baidu.com')

        # 执行一次搜索操作
        page.fill("input[name="wd"]", "自动化测试实战宝典")
        with page.expect_navigation():
            page.press("input[name="wd"]", "Enter")

        # 等待页面加载完全
        page.wait_for_selector("text=搜索工具")

        # 截图
        page.screenshot(path=f'test-{browser_type.name}.png')

        # 休眠3s
        sleep(3)

        # 关闭浏览器
        browser.close()

支持异步：

源码1：

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright


async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
            browser = await browser_type.launch()
            page = await browser.new_page()
            await page.goto('https://www.baidu.com/')
            await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
            print(await page.title())
            await browser.close()
#asyncio.run(main())
源码2：
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
from time import sleep

# 异步执行
async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
            # 指定为有头模式，方便查看
            browser = await browser_type.launch(headless=False)
            page = await browser.new_page()

            await page.goto('https://www.baidu.com')

            # 执行一次搜索操作
            await page.fill("input[name="wd"]", "自动化测试实战宝典")
            await page.press("input[name="wd"]", "Enter")

            # 等待页面加载完全
            await page.wait_for_selector("text=搜索工具")
            # 等待3秒
            sleep(3)
            # 截图
            await page.screenshot(path=f'test-{browser_type.name}.png')
            await browser.close()

asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

同步和异步的注意包的引入，否则会报错：Cannot find reference 'async_playwright' in '__init__.py'

支持移动端

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    iphone_11 = p.devices['iPhone 11 Pro']
    browser = p.webkit.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context(
        **iphone_11,
        locale='en-US',
        geolocation={'longitude': 12.492507, 'latitude': 41.889938},
        permissions=['geolocation']
    )
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto('https://maps.google.com')
    page.click('text="Your location"')
    page.screenshot(path='colosseum-iphone.png')
    browser.close()

支持pytest测试框架

参考文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/tomoya_chen/article/details/115648583

https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-pytest

更多功能参考官方文档：https://playwright.dev/python/docs/intro/

参考链接：

https://www.imooc.com/article/314264

http://quan.51testing.com/pcQuan/article/116997

http://www.51ste.com/share/det-5936-1.html

https://blog.csdn.net/tomoya_chen/article/details/115648583