定义自己的控制结构,使它语言内置的用法一样
package exp
object Main {
def enableCustomerIF = false;
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
IF(1 / 0 == 0) // 这里就不用写 IF(()=>3>2)(()=>println("hello");
{//这不是语言内置的IF,大括号可不能省略
List("hello","world") foreach println;
}
//()=>Boolean 替换成 =>Boolean 就可以实现在不传递参数时省略掉()=>了,为避免歧义要在:与=>之间多留一些空格
def IF(condition: => Boolean)(op: => Unit): Unit = //如果 condition 的类型定义成 Boolean表达式 而不是 =>Boolean的函数的话 禁用 enableCustomerIF 也会报错
if (enableCustomerIF && condition) //condition 是函数调用,因此1/0==0在 enableCustomerIF=false时不会执行
op; //op的定义如果是()=>Unit 执行时就要带括号了
}
定义类的可读\写属性
package exp
object Main {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
{
val s = new Stu;
s.age = 10;
println(s.age);
}
}
class Stu {
private var n = "";
private var g = 0;
def name = this.n;
def name_=(x: String): Unit = this.n = x;//这个定义更标准,生成的代码也很简单
def age = this.g;
def age_= = this.g = _: Int;//这个定义看上去很简单,更函数式,但是不好理解生成的代码更复杂
}
模式匹配实现的表达式解析
package exp {
object Main {
def simplifyTop(ex: Expr): Expr = ex match {
case UnOp("-", Var(x)) => Var("-" + x);
case UnOp("-", UnOp("-", e)) => simplifyTop(e);
case BinOp("+", e, Number(0)) => e;
case BinOp("*", e, Number(1)) => e;
case BinOp("+", Var(x), Var(y)) => Var(x + y);
case BinOp("+", a, b) => BinOp("+", simplifyTop(a), simplifyTop(b))
case _ => ex;
}
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
{
val x = simplifyTop(BinOp("+", Var("x"), Var("y")));
println(x);
}
abstract class Expr;
case class Var(name: String) extends Expr;
case class BinOp(op: String, left: Expr, right: Expr) extends Expr;
case class Number(num: Double) extends Expr;
case class UnOp(op: String, arg: Expr) extends Expr;
}
}
foreach 迭代器和 for (p <- x) 循环迭代是不太一样的
object Main {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
{
val x = 1 to 10;
var i = 0;
x.foreach {
// i = i+1; 放在这里只执行一次 , foreach 和 for(p <- x) 迭代器还是不一样的
p =>{
i = i + 1; //放在这里会执行10次
println(p);
}
}
println(i)
i = 0;
for (p <- x) {
i = i + 1; //执行10次
println(p);
}
println(i);
}
}
package exp
{
object Main {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
//数组传递给可变参数 :_*
def sum(x:Int*)=x.sum;
println(sum(Array(1,2,3):_*))
//匹配数组或列表多个元素 _*
val Array(a,_,b,_*) = Array(1,2,3,4,5);
println(b);
val List(c,_,d,_*) = List(1,2,3,4,5,6)
println(d);
//模式匹配上变量绑定 @ case UnOp("abs",e@UnOp("abs",_)) => e
}
}
}
Option 类型的使用
package exp
{
object Main {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
div(8,1) match{
case None => println("none");
case Some(y) => println(y);
}
}
def div(x:Int,y:Int):Option[Int] = if(y==0) None else Some(x/y)
}
}
各种格式的函数定义
val foo : Int=>Int = x => x match {
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
val foo1 : Int=>Int = _ match {
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
val foo2 : Int=>Int ={ //能省略掉match的只有这一种情况,指定函数类型变量,在case中直接用样本定义函数
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
val foo3 = (x:Int) => x match {
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
def foo4(x:Int):Int = x match {
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
def foo5(x:Int):Int = {
x match
{
case 0 => 0;
case x => x+1;
}
}
定义返回函数的函数
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val f = (x:Int) => (y:Int)=>x+y;
println(f(3)(2));
val g:Int=>Int=>Int = x=>y=>x+y;
println(g(3)(2));
def fxx(x:Int)(y:Int) = x+y;
println(fxx(3)(2));
def foo(x:Int) = {
val tmp = (y:Int) => x+y;
tmp;
}
println(foo(3)(2));
def foo1(x:Int) = {
def tmp(y:Int) = x+y;
tmp _;
}
println(foo1(3)(2));
}
如果函数只有一个变量,并且这个变量在最末尾,则这个变量的下划线也可以省略
def foo(add:Int=>Int):Int= add(2);
println(foo(2+));//p=>2+p 或 2+_ 或 2+