目录
subproess模块
import subprocess
while True:
cmd = input('cmd>>>: ')
if cmd == 'q':
break
data = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, # 返回标准输出结果
stderr=subprocess.PIPE # 返回标准错误结果
)
res = data.stdout.read() + data.stderr.read()
print(res.decode('gbk'))
TCP粘包问题
服务端第一次发送的数据,客户端无法精确一次性接收完毕,下一次发送的数据与上一次数据黏在一起了。
- 无法预测对方需要接收的数据大小长度
- TCP流式协议,会将多次连续发送数据量小、并且时间间隔短的数据一次性打包发送。
基于TCP的套接字客户端往服务端上传文件,发送时文件内容是按照一段一段的字节流发送的,在接收方看了,根本不知道该文件的字节流从何处开始何处结束。
粘包两种情况
- 服务端需要等缓冲区满才发送出去,造成粘包(发送数据时间间隔很短,数据了很小,会合到一起,产生粘包)
# server.py
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(
('127.0.0.1', 9527)
)
server.listen(5)
conn, addr = server.accept()
data1 = conn.recv(1024)
data2 = conn.recv(1024)
data3 = conn.recv(1024)
print(data1)
print(data2)
print(data3)
# client.py
import socket
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(
('127.0.0.1', 9527)
)
client.send(b'hello')
client.send(b'hello')
client.send(b'hello')
client.close()
'''
b'hellohellohello'
b''
b''
'''
- 客户端发送了一段数据,服务端只收了一小部分,服务端下次再收的时候还是从缓冲区拿上次遗留的数据
# 服务端
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(
('127.0.0.1', 9527)
)
server.listen(5)
conn, addr = server.accept()
data1 = conn.recv(2)
data2 = conn.recv(20)
print(data1)
print(data2)
# 客户端
import socket
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(
('127.0.0.1', 9527)
)
client.send(b'hello world and shcaondskasd nknasksfn km')
client.close()
'''
b'he'
b'llo world and shcaon
'''
解决粘包问题
使用struct模块
struct模块是一个可以将很长的数据的长度,压缩成固定的长度的一个标记(数据报头)。
必须先定义报头,发送报头,再发送真实数据
struct模块的使用
import struct
str1 = '123a56'
# 打包
# i模式会将数据长度压缩成4个bytes
headers = struct.pack('i', len(str1))
print(headers)
print(len(headers))
# 解包
data_len = struct.unpack('i', headers)
print(data_len[0]) # 真实数据长度为len(str1)
使用struct模块解决粘包
服务端:
import struct
import socket
import subprocess
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(
('127.0.0.1', 8888)
)
server.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept()
print(addr)
while True:
try:
cmd = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
if len(cmd) == 0:
continue
if cmd == 'q':
break
res = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
data = res.stdout.read() + res.stderr.read()
# 打包压缩
headers = struct.pack('i', len(data))
# 先发送头部
conn.send(headers)
# 再发送真实数据
conn.send(data)
except Exception:
break
conn.close()
客户端:
import struct
import socket
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(
('127.0.0.1', 8888)
)
while True:
cmd = input('cmd>>>:')
client.send(cmd.encode('utf-8'))
if cmd == 'q':
break
# 先获取数据报头
headers = client.recv(4)
# 再解包获取真实数据
data_len = struct.unpack('i', headers)[0]
# 接收真实数据长度
data = client.recv(data_len)
print(data.decode('gbk'))
client.close()
优化解决粘包问题
把数据真实长度和数据的描述信息一同发送过去
服务端:
import socket
import struct
import json
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
server.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept()
print(addr)
while True:
try:
# 接收数据报头
headers = conn.recv(4)
# 解包获取真实数据长度
data_len = struct.unpack('i', headers)[0]
bytes_data = conn.recv(data_len)
back_dic = json.loads(bytes_data.decode('utf-8'))
print(back_dic)
except Exception:
break
conn.close()
客户端:
import socket
import struct
import json
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
while True:
dic = {
'file_name': 'shoot on me',
'file_size': 10000000
}
# json序列化
json_data = json.dumps(dic)
json_bytes = json_data.encode('utf-8')
# 压缩
headers = struct.pack('i', len(json_bytes))
client.send(headers)
client.send(json_bytes)
上传大文件
服务端
import socket
import struct
import json
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
server.listen(5)
conn, addr = server.accept()
print(addr)
while True:
try:
headers = conn.recv(4)
data_len = struct.unpack('i', headers)[0]
bytes_data = conn.recv(data_len)
back_dic = json.loads(bytes_data.decode('utf-8'))
print(back_dic)
file_name = back_dic.get('file_name')
file_size = back_dic.get('file_size')
init_data = 0
# 写入文件视频
with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:
while init_data < file_size:
data = conn.recv(1024)
f.write(data)
init_data += len(data)
print(f'{file_name}接收完毕! ')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
break
conn.close()
客户端
import socket
import struct
import json
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
# 1.打开视频文件,获取视频数据
with open(r'D:pycharm_project忌日快乐2.mkv', 'rb') as f:
movie_bytes = f.read()
# 2.为视频组织一个字典
send_dic = {
'file_name': '忌日快乐2.mkv',
'file_size': len(movie_bytes)
}
# 3.先打包字典,发送headers,再发字典真实数据
json_data = json.dumps(send_dic)
bytes_data = json_data.encode('utf-8')
headers = struct.pack('i', len(bytes_data))
client.send(headers)
client.send(bytes_data)
# 再发真实视频数据
init_data = 0
num = 1
with open(r'D:pycharm_project忌日快乐2.mkv', 'rb') as f:
while init_data < len(movie_bytes):
send_data = f.read(1024)
print(send_data, num)
num += 1
client.send(send_data)
init_data += len(send_data)
UDP协议
UDP是一种传输协议
- 不需要建立双向通道
- 不会粘包
- 客户端给服务端发送数据,不需要等待服务返回接收成功
upd套接字
# server.py
import socket
server = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server.bind(
('127.0.0.1', 8888)
)
msg, addr = server.recvfrom(1024)
msg1, addr1 = server.recvfrom(1024)
msg2, addr2 = server.recvfrom(1024)
msg3, addr3= server.recvfrom(1024)
print(msg)
print(msg1)
print(msg2)
print(msg3)
# client.py
import socket
client = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
client.sendto(b'hello', ('127.0.0.1', 8888))
client.sendto(b'hello', ('127.0.0.1', 8888))
client.sendto(b'hello', ('127.0.0.1', 8888))
client.sendto(b'hello', ('127.0.0.1', 8888))
'''
b'hello'
b'hello'
b'hello'
b'hello'
'''
基于upd实现qq聊天室
# server.py
import socket
server = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8888))
while True:
msg, addr = server.recvfrom(1024)
print(addr)
print(msg.decode('utf-8'))
send_msg = input('服务端发送消息:').encode('utf-8')
server.sendto(send_msg, addr)
# client.py
import socket
client = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server_ip_port = ('127.0.0.1', 8888)
while True:
send_msg = input('客户端1:').encode('utf-8')
client.sendto(send_msg, server_ip_port)
msg, addr = client.recvfrom(1024)
print(msg.decode('utf-8'))
socketserver
python内置模块,可以简化socket套接字服务端的代码,必须要创建一个类
# server.py
import socketserver
class MyTCPServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
# 必须要重写父类的handler
def handle(self):
print(self.client_address)
while True:
try:
data = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
send_msg = data.upper()
self.request.send(send_msg.encode('utf-8'))
except Exception:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer (
('127.0.0.1', 8888), MyTCPServer
)
server.serve_forever()
# client.py
import socket
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(
('127.0.0.1', 8888)
)
while True:
send_msg = input('客户端:')
if send_msg == 'q':
break
client.send(send_msg.encode('utf-8'))
data = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print(data)
client.close()