传值、传址 结构体

一、 传值：将变量名中存放的值进行传输
    传址：将这个变量名直接传输过去，
    若在另一边有赋值情况，这边的值会发生变化

 传值
        public void Hanshu(int a)
        {
            a += 10;
            
        }

只是定义了个变量 

 public void hanshu1(int a , out int b,out int c)
        {
            
            b = a + 10;
            c = b;
            
        }
在主函数中，先实例化

                 int a = 5;
            int rr;
            int tt;
            hanshu.hanshu1(a, out rr, out tt);
            Console.WriteLine(rr);
            Console.WriteLine(tt);
可得：rr=tt=15

 public string Fanhui(string name , string sex,int age)
        {
            age += 10;
            return name + "-"+sex +"-"+ age;
        }

  string s = hanshu.Fanhui("张三", "男", 33);
            string[] aa = s.Split('-');
            foreach (string q in aa)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(q);
            }
此法可得多个参数，比较常用。
二、结构体

        结构体：自定义类型    值类型
        一组变量的组合
        需要定义的位置   class里面   main函数外面
        里面包含的变量可以是多种数据类型的
 
        //学生信息的结构体：学号、姓名、性别、分数
        struct Student
        {
            public int xuehao;
            public string name;
            public string sex;
            public Score score;  ---这里声明了一个Score类型的score,Score 则是下面定义的另一个结构体类型

        }
 
        struct Score    这里定义了一个名为Score 的结构体
        {
            public double yufen;
            public double shufen;
            public double yingfen;
        }
例题：
超市问题

struct Shop
        {
            public string name;
            public double danjia;
            public int shul;            
        }
            Console.WriteLine("0.开始购买");
            Console.WriteLine("6.结算（退出）");
            Console.Write("请输入您所选选项的代码：");
            for (int i = 0; i == 0; )
            {
                int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                if (a == 0)
                {
                    int biao1 = 0;
                    ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
                    for (int j = 0; j == 0; )
                    {
                        Shop sp = new Shop();
                        bool biaocuo = true;
                        Console.Clear();
                        if (al.Count > 0)
                        {
                            for (int k = 0; k < al.Count; k++)
                            {
                                Shop yigou = (Shop)al[k];
                                Console.WriteLine("您选择了{0}，单价为{1}元，数量为{2}。", yigou.name, yigou.danjia, yigou.shul);
                            }
                        }
                        Console.WriteLine("1.洗发水      15元");
                        Console.WriteLine("2.牙刷        5元");
                        Console.WriteLine("3.可口可乐    3元");
                        Console.WriteLine("4.水杯        12元");
                        Console.WriteLine("5.毛巾        6元");
                        Console.WriteLine("6.结算");
                        Console.Write("请输入您所选选项的代码：");
                        int aa = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                        switch (aa)
                        {
                            case 1:
                                sp.name = "洗发水";
                                sp.danjia = 15;
                                biao1++;
                                Console.Write("请输入您所选商品的数量：");
                                break;
                            case 2:
                                sp.name = "牙刷";
                                sp.danjia = 5;
                                biao1++;
                                Console.Write("请输入您所选商品的数量：");
                                break;
                            case 3:
                                sp.name = "可口可乐";
                                sp.danjia = 3;
                                biao1++;
                                Console.Write("请输入您所选商品的数量：");
                                break;
                            case 4:
                                sp.name = "水杯";
                                sp.danjia = 12;
                                biao1++;
                                Console.Write("请输入您所选商品的数量：");
                                break;
                            case 5:
                                sp.name = "毛巾";
                                sp.danjia = 6;
                                biao1++;
                                Console.Write("请输入您所选商品的数量：");
                                break;
                            case 6:
                                if (biao1 == 0)
                                {
                                    Console.Clear();
                                    Console.WriteLine("您什么也没有购买，您已经走出了超市。。。");
                                    j = 1;
                                    i = 1;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    double zong = 0;
                                    for (int k = 0; k < al.Count; k++)
                                    {
                                        Shop yigou = (Shop)al[k];
                                        Console.WriteLine("您选择了{0}，单价为{1}元，数量为{2}，单品总价：{3}。", yigou.name, yigou.danjia, yigou.shul, yigou.danjia * yigou.shul);
                                        zong += yigou.danjia * yigou.shul;
                                    }
                                    Console.Write("总价：" + zong + "元。请缴费：");
                                    int erjiao = 0;
                                    for (int l = 0; l == 0; )
                                    {
                                        int jiao = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                                        jiao += erjiao;
                                        if (jiao >= zong)
                                        {
                                            Console.WriteLine("交易成功，交易时间为：" + DateTime.Now);
                                            Console.WriteLine("找零：" + (jiao - zong) + "元。");
                                            Console.WriteLine("谢谢惠顾！再见！");
                                            l = 1;
                                            j = 1;
                                            i = 1;
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                            erjiao = jiao;
                                            Console.Write("缴费金额不足，请继续缴费：");
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                break;
                            default:
                                Console.WriteLine("查无此商品！请按回车键继续选择商品！");
                                Console.ReadLine();
                                biaocuo = false;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (i == 0 && j == 0 && biaocuo == true)
                        {
                            sp.shul = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                            Console.WriteLine("您选择了{0}，单价为{1}元，数量为{2}。请按回车键继续购买！", sp.name, sp.danjia, sp.shul);
                            al.Add(sp);
                            Console.ReadLine();
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (a == 6)
                {
                    Console.Clear();
                    Console.WriteLine("您没有选择商品，直接退出本超市！");
                    i = 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入错误！");
                }
            }

请输入班级人数，输入每个人的学号，姓名，和语文分数、数学分数和英语分数（要求使用结构体），求班级里两个语文分数是最高分的学生的所有信息；数学分数是最高分的两个学生的所有信息；英语平均分。

            struct Student
        {
            public int xuehao;
            public string name;            
            public Score score;
        }
        struct Score
        {
            public double yufen;
            public double shufen;
            public double yingfen;
        }
            ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
            Console.Write("请输入班级人数：");
            int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            for (int i = 0; i < a; i++)
            {
                Student st = new Student();
                Console.Write("请输入第{0}个学生的学号：", (i + 1));
                st.xuehao = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                Console.Write("请输入第{0}个学生的姓名：", (i + 1));
                st.name = Console.ReadLine();
                Console.Write("请输入第{0}个学生的语文分数：", (i + 1));
                st.score.yufen = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                Console.Write("请输入第{0}个学生的数学分数：", (i + 1));
                st.score.shufen = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                Console.Write("请输入第{0}个学生的英语分数：", (i + 1));
                st.score.yingfen = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                al.Add(st);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < al.Count; j++)
                {
                    Student s1 = (Student)al[i];
                    Student s2 = (Student)al[j];
                    if (s1.score.yufen < s2.score.yufen)
                    {
                        Object b = al[i];
                        al[i] = al[j];
                        al[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Student yu = (Student)al[0];
            Student yu1 = (Student)al[1];
            Console.Write("语文成绩最高的2个是：" + yu.xuehao + "	" + yu.name + "	" + yu.score.yufen + "	" + yu.score.shufen + "	" + yu.score.yingfen + "
");
            Console.Write(yu1.xuehao + "	" + yu1.name + "	" + yu1.score.yufen + "	" + yu1.score.shufen + "	" + yu1.score.yingfen + "
");
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < al.Count; j++)
                {
                    Student s1 = (Student)al[i];
                    Student s2 = (Student)al[j];
                    if (s1.score.shufen < s2.score.shufen)
                    {
                        Object b = al[i];
                        al[i] = al[j];
                        al[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Student shu = (Student)al[0];
            Student shu1 = (Student)al[1];
            Console.Write("数学成绩最高的2个是：" + shu.xuehao + "	" + shu.name + "	" + shu.score.yufen + "	" + shu.score.shufen + "	" + shu.score.yingfen + "
");
            Console.Write(shu1.xuehao + "	" + shu1.name + "	" + shu1.score.yufen + "	" + shu1.score.shufen + "	" + shu1.score.yingfen + "
");
            double sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; i++)
            {
                Student s1 = (Student)al[i];
                sum += s1.score.yingfen;
            }
            Console.WriteLine("英语平均分：" + sum / a);

            Console.ReadLine();

车辆信息

 //所有在售车辆中最便宜的
 
            //求宝马中最便宜的车型是什么，所有信息列出
 
            //选个轴距最长的
 
            //选个轴距最长的，必须是奔驰
 
            //想要一辆油耗最低的车
 
            //想要一辆油耗最低的奥迪车
 
            //我只有50万，看看能买什么车
 
            //我只需要60万以上的车，列出来所有车型和所有信息
 
            //轴距必须超过3m，列列表
 
            //油耗在8.5以下都行，列列表

 struct che
        {
            public string xh;
            public double jg;
            public double zj;
            public double yh;
        }
                   ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
            che b1 = new che(); che b2 = new che(); che b3 = new che(); che a1 = new che(); che a2 = new che(); che a3 = new che(); che be1 = new che(); che be2 = new che(); che be3 = new che();

            b1.xh = "宝马320Li"; b1.jg = 38; b1.zj = 2920; b1.yh = 6.9;
            b2.xh = "宝马520Li"; b2.jg = 43; b2.zj = 3108; b2.yh = 7.2;
            b3.xh = "宝马730Li"; b3.jg = 89; b3.zj = 3210; b3.yh = 6.3;
            a1.xh = "奥迪A4L35TFSI"; a1.jg = 31; a1.zj = 2869; a1.yh = 6.2;
            a2.xh = "奥迪A6L30TFSI"; a2.jg = 43; a2.zj = 3012; a2.yh = 7.6;
            a3.xh = "奥迪A8L45TFSI"; a3.jg = 89; a3.zj = 3122; a3.yh = 8.1;
            be1.xh = "奔驰C200L"; be1.jg = 35; be1.zj = 2920; be1.yh = 6.1;
            be2.xh = "奔驰E260L"; be2.jg = 48; be2.zj = 3014; be2.yh = 6.7;
            be3.xh = "奔驰S320L"; be3.jg = 93; be3.zj = 3165; be3.yh = 8;
            al.Add(b1); al.Add(b2); al.Add(b3); al.Add(b1); al.Add(a1); al.Add(a2); al.Add(a3); al.Add(be1); al.Add(be2); al.Add(be3);
            #region
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < 9; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)al[i]).jg > ((che)al[j]).jg)
                    {
                        object b = al[i];
                        al[i] = al[j];
                        al[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("最便宜的车是：" + ((che)al[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[0]).yh + "
");
             下面的方法只能在上面排好顺序后才可以使用！！！
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).xh.Contains("宝马"))
                {
                    che baocheap = (che)al[i];
                    Console.Write("最便宜的宝马车是：" + baocheap.xh + "	" + baocheap.jg + "	" + baocheap.zj + "	" + baocheap.yh + "
");
                    break;
                }
            }
            ArrayList bao = new ArrayList();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).xh.Contains("宝马"))
                {
                    bao.Add(al[i]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < bao.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < bao.Count; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)bao[i]).jg > ((che)bao[j]).jg)
                    {
                        object b = bao[i];
                        bao[i] = bao[j];
                        bao[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("宝马里最便宜的车是：" + ((che)bao[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).yh + "
");
            #endregion
            #region

            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < 9; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)al[i]).zj < ((che)al[j]).zj)
                    {
                        object b = al[i];
                        al[i] = al[j];
                        al[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("轴距最长的车是：" + ((che)al[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[0]).yh + "
");
            ArrayList ben = new ArrayList();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).xh.Contains("宝马"))
                {
                    ben.Add(al[i]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < ben.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < ben.Count; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)ben[i]).zj > ((che)ben[j]).zj)
                    {
                        object b = ben[i];
                        ben[i] = ben[j];
                        ben[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("奔驰里面轴距最长的车是：" + ((che)bao[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)bao[0]).yh);
            #endregion
            #region

            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).jg <= 50)
                {
                    Console.Write(((che)al[i]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[i]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[i]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[i]).yh + "
");
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).jg > 60)
                {
                    Console.Write(((che)al[i]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[i]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[i]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[i]).yh + "
");
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).zj > 3000)
                {
                    Console.Write(((che)al[i]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[i]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[i]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[i]).yh + "
");
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).yh <8.5)
                {
                    Console.Write(((che)al[i]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[i]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[i]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[i]).yh + "
");
                }
            }
             #endregion
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < 9; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)al[i]).yh > ((che)al[j]).yh)
                    {
                        object b = al[i];
                        al[i] = al[j];
                        al[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("油耗最低的车是：" + ((che)al[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)al[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)al[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)al[0]).yh + "
");
            ArrayList ao = new ArrayList();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                if (((che)al[i]).xh.Contains("奥迪"))
                {
                   ao.Add(al[i]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < ao.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < ao.Count; j++)
                {
                    if (((che)ao[i]).jg > ((che)ao[j]).jg)
                    {
                        object b = ao[i];
                        ao[i] = ao[j];
                        ao[j] = b;
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.Write("奥迪里面油耗最低的车是：" + ((che)ao[0]).xh + "	" + ((che)ao[0]).jg + "	" + ((che)ao[0]).zj + "	" + ((che)ao[0]).yh + "
");



            Console.ReadLine();