1、实现了 RandomAccess 接口,因此支持随机访问。这是理所当然的,因为 ArrayList 是基于数组实现的。
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
2、初始化:
ArrayList一共提供了三个初始化的方法:
public ArrayList() public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) public ArrayList(int initialCapacity);
无参构造:这里想将数组容量初始化为10,但不是这步实现的。
/** * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances. 空数组 */ private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; /** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA will be expanded to * DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. *缓冲区,用来存储数据 */ private transient Object[] elementData; /** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. 无参构造 将elementData初始化为空数组。 */ public ArrayList() { super(); this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; }
带参构造:给定容量
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { super(); if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; }
带参构造:给定元素
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); size = elementData.length; // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); }
3、扩容:
添加元素时使用 ensureCapacityInternal() 方法来保证容量足够,如果不够时,需要使用 grow() 方法进行扩容,新容量的大小为 oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)
,也就是旧容量的 1.5 倍。
扩容操作需要调用 Arrays.copyOf()
把原数组整个复制到新数组中,这个操作代价很高,因此最好在创建 ArrayList 对象时就指定大概的容量大小,减少扩容操作的次数。
public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; }
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { if (elementData == EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); }
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { modCount++; //修改参数+1 // overflow-conscious code if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) //如果容量不够,就扩容 grow(minCapacity); }
private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 扩容1.5倍 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: 复制数组 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); }
4.删除元素:
需要调用 System.arraycopy() 将 index+1 后面的元素都复制到 index 位置上,该操作的时间复杂度为 O(N),可以看出 ArrayList 删除元素的代价是非常高的。
public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; }
4. Fail-Fast
modCount 用来记录 ArrayList 结构发生变化的次数。结构发生变化是指添加或者删除至少一个元素的所有操作,或者是调整内部数组的大小,仅仅只是设置元素的值不算结构发生变化。
在进行序列化或者迭代等操作时,需要比较操作前后 modCount 是否改变,如果改变了需要抛出 ConcurrentModificationException。
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException{ // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff int expectedModCount = modCount; s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone() s.writeInt(size); // Write out all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { s.writeObject(elementData[i]); } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }
5、序列化