在Linux上使用web2py_uwsgi_nginx搭建web服务器

本文介绍在Linux使用Python+Nginx+web2py+uWSGI搭建一个web服务器的过程。

Python 2.7.11

解压安装包

tar -zxvf Python-2.7.11.tgz
cd Python-2.7.11
yum install sqlite-devel
./configure --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions

会提示错误

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_ssl               _tkinter           bsddb185        
bz2                dl                 imageop         
sunaudiodev                                           
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

需要安装相应的依赖包

yum install openssl-devel

按照依赖包操作，具体可以参照这篇文档

继续安装

make
make install
rm /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

python
Python 2.7.11 (default, Feb  2 2016, 14:33:40) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

安装Nginx

tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.37.tar.gz
groupadd nginx
useradd nginx -g nginx
./configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--user=nginx 
--group=nginx 
--with-pcre=/opt/web/pcre-8.37 
--with-zlib=/opt/web/zlib-1.2.8 
--with-http_addition_module 
--with-http_realip_module
make
make install

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx

安装uWSGI

tar -zxvf uwsgi-latest.tar.gz
cd uwsgi-2.0.12
python uwsgiconfig.py --build
cp uwsgi /usr/sbin

配置uWSGI

创建配置文件/etc/uwsgi/web2py.ini，并在配置文件中输入以下内容。

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
pythonpath = /var/www/html/web2py/
mount = /=wsgihandler:application
processes = 4
master = true
harakiri = 60
reload-mercy = 8
cpu-affinity = 1
stats = /tmp/%n.stats.socket
max-requests = 5000
limit-as = 1024
reload-on-as = 256
reload-on-rss = 192
cron = 0 0 -1 -1 -1 python /var/www/html/web2py/web2py.py -Q -S welcome -M -R scripts/sessions2trash.py -A -o
no-orphans = true
chmod-socket = 666

创建uWSGI开关命令。

'#!/bin/sh
'# Autor: Nilton OS -- www.linuxpro.com.br
'#
'#
'### BEGIN INIT INFO
'# Provides:          uwsgi
'# Required-Start:    $syslog $remote_fs
'# Should-Start:      $time ypbind smtp
'# Required-Stop:     $syslog $remote_fs
'# Should-Stop:       ypbind smtp
'# Default-Start:     3 5
'# Default-Stop:      0 1 2 6
'### END INIT INFO

'# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

'# Check for missing binaries (stale symlinks should not happen)
UWSGI_BIN=`which uwsgi`
test -x $UWSGI_BIN || { echo "$UWSGI_BIN not installed";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 5; fi; }

UWSGI_EMPEROR_MODE=true
UWSGI_VASSALS="/etc/uwsgi/"
UWSGI_OPTIONS="--enable-threads --logto /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.log"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/uwsgi

UWSGI_OPTIONS="$UWSGI_OPTIONS --autoload"

if [ "$UWSGI_EMPEROR_MODE" = "true" ] ; then
    UWSGI_OPTIONS="$UWSGI_OPTIONS --emperor $UWSGI_VASSALS"
fi

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting uWSGI "
        daemon $UWSGI_BIN $UWSGI_OPTIONS &
        ;;
    stop)
        echo -n "Shutting down uWSGI "
        killproc $UWSGI_BIN
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    status)
        echo -n "Checking for service uWSGI "
        status $UWSGI_BIN
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
exit 0

根据上面的开关命令，还需要增加一个uWSGI的日志文件。

mkdir -p /var/log/uwsgi
touch /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.log

web2py安装

所谓的安装只需要将web2py的包解压到指定目录就可以，从官网可以下载二进制包。

mkdir /var/www/html
unzip web2py_src.zip
mv web2py/handlers/wsgihandler.py web2py/wsgihandler.py
chown -R nginx:nginx web2py
cd web2py
sudo -u nginx python -c "from gluon.main import save_password; save_password('password',443)"

配置NginX

增加一个server模块，监听80端口，将访问使用uWSGI转移到web2py。

server {
        listen          80;
        server_name     YOUR_SERVER_FQDN;

        '#to enable correct use of response.static_version
        location ~* /(w+)/static(?:/_[d]+.[d]+.[d]+)?/(.*)$ {
            alias /var/www/html/web2py/applications/$1/static/$2;
            expires max;
        }
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass      127.0.0.1:9090;
            uwsgi_pass      unix:///var/www/html/web2py/logs/web2py.socket;
            include         /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
        }
}

启动Nginx和uWSGI

注意：web2py本身不需要启动，只用被uWSGI被动调用即可。

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

/etc/init.d/uwsgi start

以上执行完后，在浏览器访问服务器的IP地址，若需要以下页面则说明部署成功。

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