持久层整合总述
1、Spring 框架为什么要与持久层技术进行整合?
- JavaEE开发需要持久层进行数据库的访问操作
- JDBC、Hibernate、MyBatis 进行持久开发过程存在大量的代码冗余
- Spring 基于模板设计模式对于上述的持久层技术进行了封装
2、Spring 可以与哪些持久层技术进行整合?
- JDBC ——
JDBCTemplate
- Hibernate(JPA)——
HibernateTemplate
- MyBatis ——
SqlSessionFactoryBean
、MapperScannerConfigure
Mybatis 开发步骤回顾
- 实体类
User
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String password;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String name, String password) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
- 实体别名
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Confi 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias alias="user" type="com.yusael.mybatis.User"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yus?useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="1234"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
- 表 t_users
create table t_users values (
id int(11) primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(12),
password varchar(12)
);
- 创建 DAO 接口:
UserDAO
public interface UserDAO {
public void save(User user);
}
- 实现Mapper文件:
UserDAOMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yusael.mybatis.UserDAO">
<insert id="save" parameterType="user">
insert into t_users(name, password) values (#{name}, #{password})
</insert>
</mapper>
- 注册 Mapper 文件
mybatis-config.xml
<mappers>
<mapper resource="UserDAOMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
- MybatisAPI 调用
public class TestMybatis {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder()
.build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
UserDAO userDAO = session.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
User user = new User();
user.setName("yusael");
user.setPassword("123456");
userDAO.save(user);
session.commit();
}
}
Mybatis 开发中存在的问题
问题:配置繁琐、代码冗余
1. 实体
2. 实体别名 配置繁琐
3. 表
4. 创建 DAO 接口
5. 实现 Mapper 文件
6. 注册 Mapper 文件 配置繁琐
7. Mybatis API 调用 代码冗余
Spring 与 Mybatis 整合思路
Spring 与 Mybatis 整合的开发步骤
- 配置文件(ApplicationContext.xml)进行相关配置(只需要配置一次)
- 编码
1.实体类
2.表
3.创建DAO接口
4.Mapper文件配置
Spring 与 Mybatis 整合的编码
搭建开发环境 pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.43</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
Spring 配置文件的配置
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yus?useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="1234"/>
</bean>
<!--创建SqlSessionFactory SqlSessionFactoryBean-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 指定实体类所在的包 -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.yusael.entity"/>
<!--指定配置文件(映射文件)的路径,还有通用配置-->
<property name="mapperLocations">
<list>
<value>classpath:com.yusael.dao/*Mapper.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--创建DAO对象 MapperScannerConfigure-->
<bean id="scanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactoryBean"/>
<!--指定DAO接口放置的包-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.yusael.dao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
编码
- 实体
com.yusael.entity.User
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String password;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
- 表
t_user
create table t_users values (
id int(11) primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(12),
password varchar(12)
);
- DAO接口
com.yusael.dao.UserDAO
public interface UserDAO {
public void save(User user);
}
- Mapper文件配置
resources/applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.shimmer.dao.UserDao">
<insert id="save" parameterType="User">
insert into `t_users`(name,password) values (#{name},#{password})
</insert>
</mapper>
- 测试
/**
* 用于测试: Spring 与 Mybatis 的整合
*/
@Test
public void test() {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/applicationContext.xml");
UserDAO userDAO = (UserDAO) ctx.getBean("userDAO");
User user = new User();
user.setName("xiaojr");
user.setPassword("999999");
userDAO.save(user);
}
Spring 与 Mybatis 整合细节
问题:Spring 与 Myabatis 整合后,为什么 DAO 不提交事务,但是数据能够插入数据库中?
- Mybatis 提供的连接池对象 —> 创建
Connection
Connection.setAutoCommit(false)
手工的控制了事务,操作完成后,需要手工提交。 - Druid(C3P0、DBCP)作为连接池 —> 创建
Connection
Connection.setAutoCommit(true)
默认值为true
,保持自动控制事务,一条 sql 自动提交。
答案:因为 Spring 与 Mybatis 整合时,引入了外部连接池对象,保持自动的事务提交这个机制Connection.setAutoCommit(true)
,不需要手工进行事务的操作,也能进行事务的提交。
注意:实战中,还是会手工控制事务(多条SQL一起成功,一起失败),后续 Spring 通过 事务控制 解决这个问题。