前面我们还了解了可以使用@表示禁止转义。
字符串常用属性 |
|
Length | 返回字符串长度 |
Chars | 指定字符位置的字符 |
字符串常用方法 |
|
IndexOf |
字符的索引 |
Insert | 指定索引位置插入一个指定的 String 实例 |
Remove | 从此实例中的指定位置开始删除指定数目的字符 |
PadLeft PadRight |
使用空格或指定的字符填充 |
Replace | 使用新的字符替换原有的字符 |
Split | 按指定的分隔符将字符串转为数组 |
Substring | 查询子串 |
ToCharArray | 将字符串转为字符数组 |
ToLower ToUpper |
大小写转换 |
IsNullOrEmpty | 是空还是非空字符串 |
Trim TrimEnd TrimStart |
去除空格或指定字符 |
string的本质是char的数组描述形式,可以通过以下的代码来证实
1
string s = "Hello C#";
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3
foreach (char c in s)//string中的每个元素都是char
4
{
5
System.Console.WriteLine(c);
6
}
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8
for (int i = 0; i <= s.Length - 1;i++ )//string就是一个char数组
9
{
10
System.Console.WriteLine(s[i]);
11
}
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2
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3
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4
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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很多同学对indexof这个方法总感觉莫名其妙,不知道indexof有什么用。indexof有很多地方可以使用。
现看一下indexof的表现
1
string s = "Hello C#";
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3
//仅仅是查找的方向不一样,字符的位置总是从0开始计算
4
System.Console.WriteLine(s.IndexOf('l'));//2,第3个字符,从前面数第一个l
5
System.Console.WriteLine(s.LastIndexOf('l'));//3,第4个字符,从后面数第一个l
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2
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3
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4
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5
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那indexof和lastindexof有什么具体的作用呢?
1
string s = "-12.23";
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3
if(s.IndexOf('.')!=s.LastIndexOf('.'))
4
{
5
System.Console.WriteLine("小数点不止一个,错误");
6
}
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9
if(s.LastIndexOf('-')>0)
10
{
11
System.Console.WriteLine("符号不止一个或符号不在第一位,错误");
12
}
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15
if (s.LastIndexOf('.') - s.LastIndexOf('-')==1)
16
{
17
System.Console.WriteLine("小数点在符号直接后面,错误");
18
}
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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其实indexof和lastindexof的处理大致如下
1
string s = "hello";
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3
//indexof
4
for (int i = 0; i <= s.Length - 1;i++ )
5
{
6
if(s[i]=='l')
7
{
8
System.Console.WriteLine("indexof={0}",i);
9
break;
10
}
11
}
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13
//lastindexof
14
for (int i = s.Length-1; i >=0; i--)
15
{
16
if (s[i] == 'l')
17
{
18
System.Console.WriteLine("lastindexof={0}", i);
19
break;
20
}
21
}
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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我们来个练习巩固一下
声明一个字符串,且赋值” 我们使用Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2005 C#开发新一代的应用程序”。
输出 英文字符的个数
输出 标点符号的个数
输出 剩余其他字符的个数
1
char[] c = "我们使用Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 C#开发新一代的应用程序".ToCharArray();
2
string letter = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
3
letter += letter.ToLower();
4
string punctuation = @"~!@#$%^&*()_+|`-=\[]{};':<>?,./";
5
int li = 0;//英文字符个数
6
int pi = 0;//标点符号个数
7
int ci = 0;//其他字符个数
8
for (int i = 0; i <= c.Length - 1; i++)
9
{
10
if (letter.IndexOf(c[i]) >= 0)
11
{
12
li++;
13
}
14
else
15
{
16
if (punctuation.IndexOf(c[i]) >= 0)
17
{
18
pi++;
19
}
20
else
21
{
22
ci++;
23
}
24
}
25
}
26
System.Console.WriteLine("总字符个数:{0}", c.Length);
27
System.Console.WriteLine("英文字符个数:{0}标点符号个数:{1}其他字符个数:{2}合计:{3}",
28
li, pi, ci, li + pi + ci);
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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当然,我们可以用char的静态方法来优化上面的代码
1
char[] c = "我们使用Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 C#开发新一代的应用程序".ToCharArray();
2
int li = 0;//英文字符个数
3
int pi = 0;//标点符号个数
4
int ci = 0;//其他字符个数
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6
for (int i = 0; i <= c.Length - 1; i++)
7
{
8
if (char.IsUpper(c[i]) || char.IsLower(c[i]))
9
{
10
li++;
11
}
12
else
13
{
14
if (char.IsPunctuation(c[i]))
15
{
16
pi++;
17
}
18
else
19
{
20
ci++; ;
21
}
22
}
23
}
24
System.Console.WriteLine("{0}--{1},{2},{3}:{4}", li + pi + ci, li, pi, ci, c.Length);
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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17
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18
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21
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22
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23
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24
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spilt是非常有用的方法
1
string dir = @"C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\AppLaunch.exe";
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4
//不使用Split的繁琐代码
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6
int star = 0;
7
int end = dir.IndexOf('\\', star);
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9
do
10
{
11
System.Console.WriteLine(dir.Substring(star, end - star));
12
star = end + 1;
13
end = dir.IndexOf('\\', star);
14
} while (end > -1);
15
System.Console.WriteLine(dir.Substring(star));
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18
//不使用Split的优雅代码
19
string[] dirs = dir.Split('\\');
20
foreach (string d in dirs)
21
{
22
System.Console.WriteLine(d);
23
}
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25
//直接定位文件
26
System.Console.WriteLine(dir.Split('\\')[dir.Split('\\').Length - 1]);
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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