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  • (十五)SpringBoot之使用Redis做缓存数据

    一、添加Redis依赖

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.shyroke.redis</groupId>
        <artifactId>springboot_redis</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
        <name>springboot_redis</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

    二、  application配置

    server.port=8888
    
    #数据库连接配置
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/db_boot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=
    spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    
    # JPA
    spring.jpa.show-sql=true
    spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
    
    #redis
    spring.cache.type=redis
    spring.redis.host=localhost
    spring.redis.port=6379
    #spring.redis.password=
    #spring.redis.database=0
    #spring.redis.pool.max-active=8 
    #spring.redis.pool.max-idle=8 
    #spring.redis.pool.max-wait=-1 
    #spring.redis.pool.min-idle=0 
    #spring.redis.timeout=0

     三、 redis缓存配置类

    package com.shyroke.config;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
    import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    
    @Configuration
    public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
    
        /*
         * 定义缓存数据 key 生成策略的bean 包名+类名+方法名+所有参数
         */
         @Bean
         public KeyGenerator wiselyKeyGenerator(){
         return new KeyGenerator() {
         @Override
         public Object generate(Object target, Method method, Object... params) {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
         sb.append(method.getName());
         for (Object obj : params) {
         sb.append(obj.toString());
         }
         return sb.toString();
         }
         };
        
         }
    
        /*
         * 要启用spring缓存支持,需创建一个 CacheManager的 bean,CacheManager 接口有很多实现,这里Redis 的集成,用
         * RedisCacheManager这个实现类 Redis 不是应用的共享内存,它只是一个内存服务器,就像 MySql 似的,
         * 我们需要将应用连接到它并使用某种“语言”进行交互,因此我们还需要一个连接工厂以及一个 Spring 和 Redis 对话要用的
         * RedisTemplate, 这些都是 Redis 缓存所必需的配置,把它们都放在自定义的 CachingConfigurerSupport 中
         */
        @Bean
        public CacheManager cacheManager(@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
            RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
            // cacheManager.setDefaultExpiration(60);//设置缓存保留时间(seconds)
            return cacheManager;
        }
    
        // 1.项目启动时此方法先被注册成bean被spring管理,如果没有这个bean,则redis可视化工具中的中文内容(key或者value)都会以二进制存储,不易检查。
        @Bean
        public RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
            StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(factory);
            Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
            ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
            om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
            om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
            jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
            template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
            template.afterPropertiesSet();
            return template;
        }
    }

     四、在springboot启动类中添加缓存支持

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableCaching
    public class SpringbootRedisApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRedisApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

     五、编写控制类

    package com.shyroke.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    import com.shyroke.bean.UserBean;
    import com.shyroke.mapper.UserMapper;
    import com.shyroke.service.UserServiceI;
    import com.shyroke.util.DateUtil;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public class IndexController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserServiceI userService;
    
        @ResponseBody
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get")
        public UserBean get() {
    
            return userService.getUserById(1);
    
        }
        
        
        @ResponseBody
        @RequestMapping(value="/update")
        public UserBean update() {
            
            UserBean user=userService.getUserById(1);
            user.setCreateTime(DateUtil.getDataFormat());
            user.setUserName("test");
            return userService.update(user);
        }
        
        @ResponseBody
        @RequestMapping(value="/del")
        public String del() {
            return userService.del(1);
        }
    
    }

    六、Service层接口及其实现

    package com.shyroke.service;
    
    import com.shyroke.bean.UserBean;
    
    public interface UserServiceI {
    
        UserBean getUserById(int i);
    
        UserBean update(UserBean user);
    
        String del(int id);
    
    }
    • 实现类
    package com.shyroke.service.impl;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheConfig;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import com.shyroke.bean.UserBean;
    import com.shyroke.mapper.UserMapper;
    import com.shyroke.service.UserServiceI;
    
    @Service
    @CacheConfig(cacheNames="users")
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserServiceI {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
        
        @Cacheable(key="'userCache'")
        @Override
        public UserBean getUserById(int i) {
            System.out.println("执行这里,说明缓存中读取不到数据,直接读取数据库....");
            return userMapper.findOne(i);
        }
    
        @CachePut(key="'userCache'")
        @Override
        public UserBean update(UserBean user) {
            System.out.println("执行这里,更新数据库,更新缓存....");
            return userMapper.save(user);
        }
     
        @CacheEvict(key="'userCache'")
        @Override
        public String del(int id) {
            userMapper.delete(id);
            return "删除成功!!!!";
        }
        
        
    
    }
    • 注意:
    1. @CacheConfig(cacheNames="users") 注解指的是该类中的缓存的名称都是users
    2. @CachePut(key=" 'userCache' ")中userCache要加‘’单引号,表示这是一个字符串。

    3. @Cacheable能够根据方法的请求参数对其结果进行缓存(缓存的是方法的返回结果),一般用于insert()操作

    4. @CachePut(key="'userCache'")主要针对方法配置,能够根据方法的请求参数对其结果进行缓存,和 @Cacheable 不同的是,它每次都会触发真实方法的调用,一般用于update()操作
    5. @CacheEvict(key="'userCache'")主要针对方法配置,能够根据一定的条件对缓存进行清空,一般用于delete()操作
    6. 本例中的@Cacheable和@CachePut和@CacheEvict的key值必须都是同一个缓存的key,因为这样当update的时候缓存的时候,get方法的得到的才是最新数据,而当删除的时候@CacheEvict,也必须把该key的缓存删除。

     七、编写mapper

    package com.shyroke.mapper;
    
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import com.shyroke.bean.UserBean;
    
    @Repository
    public interface UserMapper extends JpaRepository<UserBean,Integer> {
    
    }

     八、实验结果

    •  启动springboot会在数据库中根据bean的定义自动创建一个表数据。插入一条测试数据



    • 如下访问http://localhost:8888/get ,获取结果,并生成一个缓存。

     

     



    • 如下 访问 http://localhost:8888/update ,更新数据,更新缓存,

     

    •  执行上一步更新缓存后,如下我们再访问http://localhost:8888/get,获取的是最新数据,且没有没有发出sql语句说明是从缓存中读取的数据。



    • 如下访问http://localhost:8888/del,缓存被清空。

     

    九、总结

    要缓存的 Java 对象必须实现 Serializable 接口,因为 Spring 会将对象先序列化再存入 Redis,如果不实现 Serializable 的话将会遇到类似这种错误:nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: DefaultSerializer requires a Serializable payload but received an object of type。。。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shyroke/p/8037512.html
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