epoll事件机制的触发方式有两种:LT(电平触发)和ET(边沿触发)
EPOLLIN事件:
内核中的socket接收缓冲区 为空(低电平)
内核中的socket接受缓冲区 不为空(高电平)
EPOLLOUT事件:
内核中的socket发送缓冲区 不满 (高电平)
内核中的socket发送缓冲区 满(低电平)
LT电平触发:高电平触发
ET边沿出触发:低到高或者高到低
服务端的代码如下:
//start from the very beginning,and to create greatness
//@author: Chuangwei Lin
//@E-mail:979951191@qq.com
//@brief: 一个epoll的简单例子,服务端
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
//epoll_event结构体如下
//typedef union epoll_data{
// void* ptr;
// int fd;
// uint32_t u32;
// uint64_t u64;
//}epoll_data_t;
//struct epoll_event{
// uint32 events;
// epoll_data_t data;
//}
typedef std::vector<struct epoll_event> EventList;
//错误输出宏
#define ERR_EXIT(m)
do
{
perror(m);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} while(0)
int main(void)
{
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
//为解决EMFILE事件,先创建一个空的套接字
int idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
int listenfd;
//if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
//创建一个socket套接字
if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("socket");
//填充IP和端口
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
int on = 1;
//设置地址的重新利用
if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
//绑定地址和端口
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
//监听
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
std::vector<int> clients;
int epollfd;
//创建epollfd,epoll_create1函数可以指定一个选项
epollfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
struct epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = listenfd;
//默认出发模式是LT模式(电平出发模式),或上EPOLLET变成ET模式(边沿触发)
event.events = EPOLLIN;
//把listenfd事件添加到epollfd进行管理
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &event);
///定义事件列表,初始状态为16个,不够时进行倍增
EventList events(16);
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
socklen_t peerlen;
int connfd;
int nready;
while (1)
{//epoll_wait返回的时间都是活跃的,events为输出参数
//nready为返回的事件个数
nready = epoll_wait(epollfd, &*events.begin(), static_cast<int>(events.size()), -1);
if (nready == -1)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
ERR_EXIT("epoll_wait");
}
if (nready == 0)//没有事件发生
continue;
//如果事件的数量达到预定义的上限值
if ((size_t)nready == events.size())
events.resize(events.size()*2);//扩充为原来的两倍
for (int i = 0; i < nready; ++i)
{
if (events[i].data.fd == listenfd)
{//如果监听套接字处于活跃的状态
peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
connfd = ::accept4(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen, SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC);
if (connfd == -1)
{
if (errno == EMFILE)
{//EMFILE错误处理,接受然后优雅地断开
close(idlefd);
idlefd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
close(idlefd);
idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
continue;
}
else
ERR_EXIT("accept4");
}
//打印IP和端口信息
std::cout<<"ip="<<inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr)<<" port="<<ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port)<<std::endl;
clients.push_back(connfd);
event.data.fd = connfd;
event.events = EPOLLIN;//或EPOLLET变成ET模式
//把新接受的事件加入关注
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &event);
}
//如果是pollin事件
else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)
{//取出文件描述符
connfd = events[i].data.fd;
if (connfd < 0)
continue;
//缓冲区
char buf[1024] = {0};
//读取内容
int ret = read(connfd, buf, 1024);
if (ret == -1)//出错
ERR_EXIT("read");
if (ret == 0)
{//返回0表示对方关闭了
std::cout<<"client close"<<std::endl;
close(connfd);
event = events[i];
//把套接字剔除出去
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, connfd, &event);
clients.erase(std::remove(clients.begin(), clients.end(), connfd), clients.end());
continue;
}
//将消息发送回去
std::cout<<buf;
write(connfd, buf, strlen(buf));
}
}
}
return 0;
}
客户端的代码是和之前poll的一样的
运行结果如下:
服务器端:
客户端: