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  • RHEL 7.6 安装 Oracle 18c RAC

     

    RHEL 7.6 安装 Oracle 18c RAC

    第一部分 安装规划

    虚拟环境

    VirtualBox 6.0

    OS 版本

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)

    数据库版本

    18.3.0.0.0

    安装介质

    LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip

    LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip

    软件安装目录

    grid: /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    oracle: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

    用户和组

    grid: oinstall,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper

    oracle: oinstall, dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper

    网络规划

    192.168.56.11  rac1     #一节点public ip

    192.168.56.12  rac2     #二节点public ip

    192.168.56.13  rac1-vip  #一节点virtual ip

    192.168.56.14  rac2-vip  #二节点virtual ip

    172.16.56.11  rac1-priv  #一节点private ip

    172.16.56.12  rac2-priv  #二节点private ip

    192.168.56.15 rac-scan   # scan ip

    ASM磁盘组

    OCRVT: 2G * 3

    MGMT: 40G * 1

    DATA: 8G * 1

    ARCH: 5G * 1

    安装操作系统,添加ASM共享磁盘省略

    第二分部 操作系统环境配置

    2.1 更改IO调度为deadline,关闭numa和透明大页

    (1).vi /etc/default/grub(编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件,在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 条目后面添加"elevator=deadline","transparent_hugepage=never" 和”numa=off”,

    执行grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 最后重启操作系统)

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet elevator=deadline transparent_hugepage=never numa=off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

    grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

    (2). 重启操作系统使配置生效.

    2.2 使用CTSS时钟同步

    /sbin/service ntpd stop

    chkconfig ntpd off

    mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

    systemctl stop chronyd

    systemctl disable chronyd

    2.3 配置/etc/hosts解析表

    vi  /etc/hosts添加

    #config for 18c RAC

    192.168.56.11 rac1

    192.168.56.12 rac2

    192.168.56.13 rac1-vip

    192.168.56.14 rac2-vip

    172.16.56.11  rac1-priv

    172.16.56.12  rac2-priv

    192.168.56.15 rac-scan

    2.4 关闭防火墙

    systemctl disable firewalld.service

    systemctl stop firewalld.service

    2.5 关闭selinux

    vi  /etc/selinux/config

    SELINUX=disabled

    2.6 关闭NetworkManager

    systemctl disable NetworkManager

    systemctl stop NetworkManager

    2.7 停止avahi-daemon

    systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

    systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

    2.8 配置NOZEROCONF

    vi  /etc/sysconfig/network  添加

    NOZEROCONF=yes

    2.9 内核参数修改

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

    #kernel configuration for oracle 18c

    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

    fs.file-max = 6815744

    kernel.shmall = 268435456

    kernel.shmmax = 549755813760

    kernel.shmmni = 4096

    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

    net.core.rmem_default = 262144

    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

    net.core.wmem_default = 262144

    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

    是配置生效

    sysctl -p

    2.10 添加用户和组

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

    /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba

    /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle

    /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper grid

    echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

    echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid

    2.11 创建软件安装目录

    mkdir -p /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

    chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

    chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

    chmod -R 775 /u01/

     

    2.12 用户环境变量配置

    #为grid用户添加环境变量

    vi  /home/grid/.bash_profile EOF

    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

    export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 (节点2改为+ASM2)

    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    EOF

    source /home/grid/.bash_profile

    #为oracle用户添加环境变量

    vi  /home/oracle/.bash_profile

    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

    export ORACLE_SID=racdb1(节点2改为racdb2)

    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.0.0/db_1

    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

    EOF

    source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

    2.13 配置用户资源限制

    vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加

    oracle    soft    nproc   2047

    oracle    hard    nproc   16384

    oracle    soft    nofile  1024

    oracle    hard    nofile  65536

    oracle    soft    stack   10240

    oracle    hard  memlock  3145728

    oracle    soft  memlock  3145728

    grid    soft    nproc   2047

    grid    hard    nproc   16384

    grid    soft    nofile  1024

    grid    hard    nofile  65536

    grid    soft    stack   10240

    grid    hard  memlock  3145728

    grid    soft  memlock  3145728

    vi /etc/pam.d/login  添加

    #this is for oracle user

    session    required     pam_limits.so

    2.14 配置全局profile 

    vi  /etc/profile 添加

    #this is for oracle user

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then

       if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

          ulimit -p 16384

          ulimit -n 65536

       else

          ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

       fi

    umask 022

    fi

    2.15 安装rpm依赖包

    yum -y install bc

    binutils

    compat-libcap1

    compat-libstdc++-33.i686

    compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

    glibc.i686

    glibc.x86_64

    glibc-devel.i686

    glibc-devel.x86_64

    ksh

    libaio.i686

    libaio.x86_64

    libaio-devel.i686

    libaio-devel.x86_64

    libX11.i686

    libX11.x86_64

    libXau.i686

    libXau.x86_64

    libXi.i686

    libXi.x86_64

    libXtst.i686

    libXtst.x86_64

    libXrender-devel.i686

    libXrender-devel.x86_64

    libXrender.i686

    libXrender.x86_64

    libgcc.i686

    libgcc.x86_64

    libstdc++.i686

    libstdc++.x86_64

    libstdc++-devel.i686

    libstdc++-devel.x86_64

    libxcb.i686

    libxcb.x86_64

    make

    nfs-utils.x86_64

    net-tools

    python

    python-configshell

    python-rtslib

    python-six

    smartmontools

    sysstat

    targetcli

    unixODBC

    unixODBC-devel

    unzip

    CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP

    rpm -iv /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm   (需先解压grid安装包到/u01/app/18.0.0/grid)

    2.16 共享存储配置

    (1).多路径方式安装配置

    yum -y install device-mapper*

    --生成默认配置文件

    mpathconf --enable

    vi /etc/multipath.conf 修改

    find_multipaths no

    multipaths {

           multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171

                   alias                   OCR1

           }

           multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172

                   alias                   OCR2

           }

           multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173

                   alias                   OCR3

           } 

           multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174

                   alias                   MGMT

           }                  

           multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662

                   alias                   DATA

           }

                  multipath {

                   wwid                    14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967

                   alias                   ARCH

           }

    }

    multipath -F

    systemctl restart multipathd.service

    multipath -v3

    vi  /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    udevadm trigger

    udevadm control -R

    systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

    (2).不使用多路径的方式,仅需配置如下文件(本次安装是测试环境,磁盘没有多条路径,无需使用多路径方式)

    vi  /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5643659c-65a9d79a",SYMLINK+="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB603d9ec9-7c3a2db0",SYMLINK+="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc74f578a-aa1a566c",SYMLINK+="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcje8jg2a-ff4e14d3",SYMLINK+="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcaeggcdb-3gv5hnc6",SYMLINK+="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBccbd112b-egdgrkr5",SYMLINK+="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

    #使udev策略配置生效

    udevadm trigger

    udevadm control -R

    systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

    [root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskb -> sdb

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskc -> sdc

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskd -> sdd

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diske -> sde

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskf -> sdf

    [root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/sd*

    brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdb

    brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdc

    brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdd

    brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sde

    brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdf

    第三部分 安装GRID软件

    3.1 解压软件

    unzip LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip -d /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    3.2 配置用户ssh对等性(方便检查rac2节点配置,也可以OUI界面配置)

    su - grid

    cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts

    ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac1 rac2" -advanced –noPromptPassphrase

    3.3 安装前环境预检查

    su - grid

    cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup –verbose

    3.4 开始安装grid软件

    export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

    cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

    ./gridSetup.sh

     

     

     

    分别在rac1,rac2执行上面2个脚本

    执行完成后,点击OK继续完成安装。

    INS-20802 报错可以忽略

    至此grid软件安装完成。

    第四部分 创建ASM磁盘组

    su - grid

    export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

    asmca

     

    创建DATA和ARCH磁盘组

    第五部分 安装database软件

    5.1 解压db软件

    su - oracle

    unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip –d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

    5.2 开始安装db软件

    su - oracle

    export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

    cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

    ./runInstaller

     

     如果前面没有配置oracle用户的ssh对等性,则输入oracle用户密码,点击setup进行配置

    分别在rac1,rac2节点执行/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1/root.sh脚本

     

    至此database软件安装完成。

    第六部分 修改密码兼容性

    更改PASSWORD_VERSIONS 兼容性,否则小于11.2.0.3的客户端连接数据库会遇到ORA-28040 报错。

    su - oracle

    cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

    vi  sqlnet.ora

    SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8

    SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=8

    https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/netag/configuring-profiles.html#GUID-F199D890-73DB-4F8F-A37D-AACAC0909F0C

     

    第七部分 创建数据库

    su - oracle

    export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

    dbca

    至此dbca创建数据库完成。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sky2088/p/10594057.html
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