Thread的run（）与start（）的区别

Java的线程是通过java.lang.Thread类来实现的。
VM启动时会有一个由主方法所定义的线程。可以通过创建Thread的实例来创建新的线程。
每个线程都是通过某个特定Thread对象所对应的方法run（）来完成其操作的，方法run()称为线程体。
通过调用Thread类的start()方法来启动一个线程。

在Java当中，线程通常都有五种状态，创建、就绪、运行、阻塞和死亡。 　　
第一是创建状态。在生成线程对象，并没有调用该对象的start方法，这是线程处于创建状态。 　　
第二是就绪状态。当调用了线程对象的start方法之后，该线程就进入了就绪状态，但是此时线程调度程序还没有把该线程设置为当前线程，此时处于就绪状态。在线程运行之后，从等待或者睡眠中回来之后，也会处于就绪状态。 　　
第三是运行状态。线程调度程序将处于就绪状态的线程设置为当前线程，此时线程就进入了运行状态，开始运行run函数当中的代码。 　　
第四是阻塞状态。线程正在运行的时候，被暂停，通常是为了等待某个时间的发生(比如说某项资源就绪)之后再继续运行。sleep,suspend，wait等方法都可以导致线程阻塞。 　　第五是死亡状态。如果一个线程的run方法执行结束或者调用stop方法后，该线程就会死亡。对于已经死亡的线程，无法再使用start方法令其进入就绪。

A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time. These states are
virtual machine states which do not reflect any operating system thread states.

实现并启动线程有两种方法
1、写一个类继承自Thread类，重写run方法。用start方法启动线程
2、写一个类实现Runnable接口，实现run方法。用new Thread(Runnable target).start()方法来启动

多线程原理：
相当于玩游戏机，只有一个游戏机（cpu），可是有很多人要玩，于是，start是排队！等CPU选中你就是轮到你，你就run（），当CPU的运行的时间片执行完，这个线程就继续排队，等待下一次的run（）。

调用start（）后，线程会被放到等待队列，等待CPU调度，并不一定要马上开始执行，只是将这个线程置于可动行状态。然后通过JVM，线程Thread会调用run（）方法，执行本线程的线程体。先调用start后调用run，这么麻烦，为了不直接调用run？就是为了实现多线程的优点，没这个start不行。

1.start（）方法来启动线程，真正实现了多线程运行。这时无需等待run方法体代码执行完毕，可以直接继续执行下面的代码；通过调用Thread类的start()方法来启动一个线程， 这时此线程是处于就绪状态， 并没有运行。 然后通过此Thread类调用方法run()来完成其运行操作的， 这里方法run()称为线程体，它包含了要执行的这个线程的内容， Run方法运行结束， 此线程终止。然后CPU再调度其它线程。
2.run（）方法当作普通方法的方式调用。程序还是要顺序执行，要等待run方法体执行完毕后，才可继续执行下面的代码； 程序中只有主线程——这一个线程， 其程序执行路径还是只有一条， 这样就没有达到写线程的目的。

记住：多线程就是分时利用CPU，宏观上让所有线程一起执行 ，也叫并发

http://blog.csdn.net/xuxurui007/article/details/7685076

Thread相关源码解析（jdk1.6.0_45）：

/**
     * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine 
     * calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread. 
     * <p>
     * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the 
     * current thread (which returns from the call to the 
     * <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its 
     * <code>run</code> method). 
     * <p>
     * It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
     * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
     * execution.
     *
     * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if the thread was already
     *               started.
     * @see        #run()
     * @see        #stop()
     */
    public synchronized void start() {
        /**
     * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
     * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added 
     * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
     *
     * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0 || this != me)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
        group.add(this);
        start0();
        if (stopBeforeStart) {
        stop0(throwableFromStop);
    }
    }

    private native void start0();

start()通过invoke native方法start0()来启动新线程。
同一个Thread对象不能start()两次，因为执行过start()后threadStatus就不为0

threadStaus状态对应的值如下：

import java.lang.Thread.State;

public class ThreadStausTravel {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        State[] status=Thread.State.values();
        for (State state : status) {
            System.out.println(state.name()+"==>"+state.ordinal());
        }
    }

}

output:
NEW==>0
RUNNABLE==>1
BLOCKED==>2
WAITING==>3
TIMED_WAITING==>4
TERMINATED==>5

Thread.State的源码：

    /**
     * A thread state.  A thread can be in one of the following states: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link #NEW}<br>
     *     A thread that has not yet started is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #RUNNABLE}<br>
     *     A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state. 
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #BLOCKED}<br>
     *     A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock 
     *     is in this state. 
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #WAITING}<br>
     *     A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to 
     *     perform a particular action is in this state. 
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #TIMED_WAITING}<br>
     *     A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action 
     *     for up to a specified waiting time is in this state. 
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #TERMINATED}<br> 
     *     A thread that has exited is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>
     * A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time. 
     * These states are virtual machine states which do not reflect
     * any operating system thread states.
     * 
     * @since   1.5
     * @see #getState
     */
    public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or 
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,
    
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the 
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         * 
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.  
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call 
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on 
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt> 
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of 
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li> 
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the state of this thread.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
     * not for synchronization control.
     * 
     * @return this thread's state.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public State getState() {
        // get current thread state
        return sun.misc.VM.toThreadState(threadStatus);
    }

   /**
     * If this thread was constructed using a separate 
     * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that 
     * <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called; 
     * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns. 
     * <p>
     * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method. 
     *
     * @see     #start()
     * @see     #stop()
     * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
     */
    public void run() {
    if (target != null) {
        target.run();
    }
    }

run只是普通的方法。