本帖是前一贴的补充：
- 使用大数据，了解怎么处理数据不能一次全部加载到内存的情况。如果你内存充足，当我没说
- 训练好的模型的保存和使用
- 使用的模型没变，还是简单的feedforward神经网络（update：添加CNN模型）
- 如果你要运行本帖代码，推荐使用GPU版本或强大的VPS，我使用小笔记本差点等吐血
- 后续有关于中文的练习《TensorFlow练习13: 制作一个简单的聊天机器人》《TensorFlow练习7: 基于RNN生成古诗词》《TensorFlow练习18: 根据姓名判断性别》
在正文开始之前，我画了一个机器学习模型的基本开发流程图：
使用的数据集
使用的数据集：http://help.sentiment140.com/for-students/ (情绪分析)
数据集包含1百60万条推特，包含消极、中性和积极tweet。不知道有没有现成的微博数据集。
数据格式：移除表情符号的CSV文件，字段如下：
- 0 – the polarity of the tweet (0 = negative, 2 = neutral, 4 = positive)
- 1 – the id of the tweet (2087)
- 2 – the date of the tweet (Sat May 16 23:58:44 UTC 2009)
- 3 – the query (lyx). If there is no query, then this value is NO_QUERY.
- 4 – the user that tweeted (robotickilldozr)
- 5 – the text of the tweet (Lyx is cool)
training.1600000.processed.noemoticon.csv（238M）
testdata.manual.2009.06.14.csv（74K）
数据预处理
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import nltk
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
import pickle
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from collections import OrderedDict
org_train_file = 'training.1600000.processed.noemoticon.csv'
org_test_file = 'testdata.manual.2009.06.14.csv'
# 提取文件中有用的字段
def usefull_filed(org_file, output_file):
output = open(output_file, 'w')
with open(org_file, buffering=10000, encoding='latin-1') as f:
try:
for line in f: # "4","2193601966","Tue Jun 16 08:40:49 PDT 2009","NO_QUERY","AmandaMarie1028","Just woke up. Having no school is the best feeling ever "
line = line.replace('"', '')
clf = line.split(',')[0] # 4
if clf == '0':
clf = [0, 0, 1] # 消极评论
elif clf == '2':
clf = [0, 1, 0] # 中性评论
elif clf == '4':
clf = [1, 0, 0] # 积极评论
tweet = line.split(',')[-1]
outputline = str(clf) + ':%:%:%:' + tweet
output.write(outputline) # [0, 0, 1]:%:%:%: that's a bummer. You shoulda got David Carr of Third Day to do it. ;D
except Exception as e:
print(e)
output.close() # 处理完成，处理后文件大小127.5M
usefull_filed(org_train_file, 'training.csv')
usefull_filed(org_test_file, 'tesing.csv')
# 创建词汇表
def create_lexicon(train_file):
lex = []
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
with open(train_file, buffering=10000, encoding='latin-1') as f:
try:
count_word = {} # 统计单词出现次数
for line in f:
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(line.lower())
for word in words:
word = lemmatizer.lemmatize(word)
if word not in count_word:
count_word[word] = 1
else:
count_word[word] += 1
count_word = OrderedDict(sorted(count_word.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))
for word in count_word:
if count_word[word] < 100000 and count_word[word] > 100: # 过滤掉一些词
lex.append(word)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return lex
lex = create_lexicon('training.csv')
with open('lexcion.pickle', 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(lex, f)
"""
# 把字符串转为向量
def string_to_vector(input_file, output_file, lex):
output_f = open(output_file, 'w')
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
with open(input_file, buffering=10000, encoding='latin-1') as f:
for line in f:
label = line.split(':%:%:%:')[0]
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(tweet.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1 # 一个句子中某个词可能出现两次,可以用+=1，其实区别不大
features = list(features)
output_f.write(str(label) + ":" + str(features) + '
')
output_f.close()
f = open('lexcion.pickle', 'rb')
lex = pickle.load(f)
f.close()
# lexcion词汇表大小112k,training.vec大约112k*1600000 170G 太大，只能边转边训练了
# string_to_vector('training.csv', 'training.vec', lex)
# string_to_vector('tesing.csv', 'tesing.vec', lex)
"""
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上面代码把原始数据转为training.csv、和tesing.csv，里面只包含label和tweet。lexcion.pickle文件保存了词汇表。
如果数据文件太大，不能一次加载到内存，可以把数据导入数据库
Dask可处理大csv文件
开始漫长的训练
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import os
import random
import tensorflow as tf
import pickle
import numpy as np
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
f = open('lexcion.pickle', 'rb')
lex = pickle.load(f)
f.close()
def get_random_line(file, point):
file.seek(point)
file.readline()
return file.readline()
# 从文件中随机选择n条记录
def get_n_random_line(file_name, n=150):
lines = []
file = open(file_name, encoding='latin-1')
total_bytes = os.stat(file_name).st_size
for i in range(n):
random_point = random.randint(0, total_bytes)
lines.append(get_random_line(file, random_point))
file.close()
return lines
def get_test_dataset(test_file):
with open(test_file, encoding='latin-1') as f:
test_x = []
test_y = []
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
for line in f:
label = line.split(':%:%:%:')[0]
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(tweet.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1
test_x.append(list(features))
test_y.append(eval(label))
return test_x, test_y
test_x, test_y = get_test_dataset('tesing.csv')
#######################################################################
n_input_layer = len(lex) # 输入层
n_layer_1 = 2000 # hide layer
n_layer_2 = 2000 # hide layer(隐藏层)听着很神秘，其实就是除输入输出层外的中间层
n_output_layer = 3 # 输出层
def neural_network(data):
# 定义第一层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_1_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_input_layer, n_layer_1])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_1]))}
# 定义第二层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_2_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_1, n_layer_2])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_2]))}
# 定义输出层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_output_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_2, n_output_layer])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_output_layer]))}
# w·x+b
layer_1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(data, layer_1_w_b['w_']), layer_1_w_b['b_'])
layer_1 = tf.nn.relu(layer_1) # 激活函数
layer_2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(layer_1, layer_2_w_b['w_']), layer_2_w_b['b_'])
layer_2 = tf.nn.relu(layer_2 ) # 激活函数
layer_output = tf.add(tf.matmul(layer_2, layer_output_w_b['w_']), layer_output_w_b['b_'])
return layer_output
X = tf.placeholder('float')
Y = tf.placeholder('float')
batch_size = 90
def train_neural_network(X, Y):
predict = neural_network(X)
cost_func = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(predict, Y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer().minimize(cost_func)
with tf.Session() as session:
session.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
saver = tf.train.Saver()
i = 0
pre_accuracy = 0
while True: # 一直训练
batch_x = []
batch_y = []
#if model.ckpt文件已存在:
# saver.restore(session, 'model.ckpt') 恢复保存的session
try:
lines = get_n_random_line('training.csv', batch_size)
for line in lines:
label = line.split(':%:%:%:')[0]
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(tweet.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1 # 一个句子中某个词可能出现两次,可以用+=1，其实区别不大
batch_x.append(list(features))
batch_y.append(eval(label))
session.run([optimizer, cost_func], feed_dict={X:batch_x,Y:batch_y})
except Exception as e:
print(e)
# 准确率
if i > 100:
correct = tf.equal(tf.argmax(predict,1), tf.argmax(Y,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct,'float'))
accuracy = accuracy.eval({X:test_x, Y:test_y})
if accuracy > pre_accuracy: # 保存准确率最高的训练模型
print('准确率: ', accuracy)
pre_accuracy = accuracy
saver.save(session, 'model.ckpt') # 保存session
i = 0
i += 1
train_neural_network(X,Y)
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上面程序占用内存600M，峰值1G。
运行：
训练模型保存为model.ckpt。
使用训练好的模型
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import tensorflow as tf
import pickle
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
import numpy as np
f = open('lexcion.pickle', 'rb')
lex = pickle.load(f)
f.close()
n_input_layer = len(lex) # 输入层
n_layer_1 = 2000 # hide layer
n_layer_2 = 2000 # hide layer(隐藏层)听着很神秘，其实就是除输入输出层外的中间层
n_output_layer = 3 # 输出层
def neural_network(data):
# 定义第一层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_1_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_input_layer, n_layer_1])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_1]))}
# 定义第二层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_2_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_1, n_layer_2])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_2]))}
# 定义输出层"神经元"的权重和biases
layer_output_w_b = {'w_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_layer_2, n_output_layer])), 'b_':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_output_layer]))}
# w·x+b
layer_1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(data, layer_1_w_b['w_']), layer_1_w_b['b_'])
layer_1 = tf.nn.relu(layer_1) # 激活函数
layer_2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(layer_1, layer_2_w_b['w_']), layer_2_w_b['b_'])
layer_2 = tf.nn.relu(layer_2 ) # 激活函数
layer_output = tf.add(tf.matmul(layer_2, layer_output_w_b['w_']), layer_output_w_b['b_'])
return layer_output
X = tf.placeholder('float')
def prediction(tweet_text):
predict = neural_network(X)
with tf.Session() as session:
session.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.restore(session, 'model.ckpt')
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
words = word_tokenize(tweet_text.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1
#print(predict.eval(feed_dict={X:[features]})) [[val1,val2,val3]]
res = session.run(tf.argmax(predict.eval(feed_dict={X:[features]}),1 ))
return res
prediction("I am very happe")
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上面使用简单的feedfroward模型，下面使用CNN模型
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# https://github.com/Lab41/sunny-side-up
import os
import random
import tensorflow as tf
import pickle
import numpy as np
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
f = open('lexcion.pickle', 'rb')
lex = pickle.load(f)
f.close()
def get_random_line(file, point):
file.seek(point)
file.readline()
return file.readline()
# 从文件中随机选择n条记录
def get_n_random_line(file_name, n=150):
lines = []
file = open(file_name, encoding='latin-1')
total_bytes = os.stat(file_name).st_size
for i in range(n):
random_point = random.randint(0, total_bytes)
lines.append(get_random_line(file, random_point))
file.close()
return lines
def get_test_dataset(test_file):
with open(test_file, encoding='latin-1') as f:
test_x = []
test_y = []
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
for line in f:
label = line.split(':%:%:%:')[0]
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(tweet.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1
test_x.append(list(features))
test_y.append(eval(label))
return test_x, test_y
test_x, test_y = get_test_dataset('tesing.csv')
##############################################################################
input_size = len(lex)
num_classes = 3
X = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, input_size])
Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, num_classes])
dropout_keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
batch_size = 90
def neural_network():
# embedding layer
with tf.device('/cpu:0'), tf.name_scope("embedding"):
embedding_size = 128
W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([input_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0))
embedded_chars = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(W, X)
embedded_chars_expanded = tf.expand_dims(embedded_chars, -1)
# convolution + maxpool layer
num_filters = 128
filter_sizes = [3,4,5]
pooled_outputs = []
for i, filter_size in enumerate(filter_sizes):
with tf.name_scope("conv-maxpool-%s" % filter_size):
filter_shape = [filter_size, embedding_size, 1, num_filters]
W = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(filter_shape, stddev=0.1))
b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[num_filters]))
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(embedded_chars_expanded, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding="VALID")
h = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, b))
pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(h, ksize=[1, input_size - filter_size + 1, 1, 1], strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='VALID')
pooled_outputs.append(pooled)
num_filters_total = num_filters * len(filter_sizes)
h_pool = tf.concat(3, pooled_outputs)
h_pool_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool, [-1, num_filters_total])
# dropout
with tf.name_scope("dropout"):
h_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_pool_flat, dropout_keep_prob)
# output
with tf.name_scope("output"):
W = tf.get_variable("W", shape=[num_filters_total, num_classes], initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[num_classes]))
output = tf.nn.xw_plus_b(h_drop, W, b)
return output
def train_neural_network():
output = neural_network()
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-3)
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(output, Y))
grads_and_vars = optimizer.compute_gradients(loss)
train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(grads_and_vars)
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.global_variables())
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
i = 0
while True:
batch_x = []
batch_y = []
#if model.ckpt文件已存在:
# saver.restore(session, 'model.ckpt') 恢复保存的session
try:
lines = get_n_random_line('training.csv', batch_size)
for line in lines:
label = line.split(':%:%:%:')[0]
tweet = line.split(':%:%:%:')[1]
words = word_tokenize(tweet.lower())
words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
features = np.zeros(len(lex))
for word in words:
if word in lex:
features[lex.index(word)] = 1 # 一个句子中某个词可能出现两次,可以用+=1，其实区别不大
batch_x.append(list(features))
batch_y.append(eval(label))
_, loss_ = sess.run([train_op, loss], feed_dict={X:batch_x, Y:batch_y, dropout_keep_prob:0.5})
print(loss_)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
if i % 10 == 0:
predictions = tf.argmax(output, 1)
correct_predictions = tf.equal(predictions, tf.argmax(Y, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_predictions, "float"))
accur = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X:test_x[0:50], Y:test_y[0:50], dropout_keep_prob:1.0})
print('准确率:', accur)
i += 1
train_neural_network()
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使用了CNN模型之后，准确率有了显著提升。
http://blog.topspeedsnail.com/archives/10420