和之前的爬虫类博客的爬取思路基本一致：
- 构造url_list，因为糗事百科的热门栏目默认是13页，所以这个就简单了
- 遍历发送请求获取响应
- 提取数据，这里用的是xpath提取，用的是Python的第三方模块lxml
- 保存数据到本地
- 爬取的数据有：段子内容、作者性别、作者年龄、作者头像的地址、被标记为好笑的次数
数据处理：
程序代码：
1 import requests
2 import json
3 from lxml import etree
4
5
6 class QiubaSpider(object):
7 """爬取糗事百科的热门下的数据"""
8
9 def __init__(self):
10 self.url_temp = 'https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}/'
11 self.headers = {
12 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36',
13 }
14
15 def get_url_list(self): # 构造url_list
16 return [self.url_temp.format(i) for i in range(1, 14)]
17
18 def pass_url(self, url): # 发送请求
19 print(url)
20 response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
21 return response.content.decode()
22
23 def get_content_list(self, html_str): # 提取数据
24 html = etree.HTML(html_str)
25 div_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="content-left"]/div') # 分组
26 content_list = []
27 for div in div_list:
28 item = {}
29 # 底下全是利用xpath和一些函数对数据的处理
30 item['content'] = div.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span/text()')
31 item['content'] = [i.replace('
', '') for i in item['content']]
32 item['author_gender'] = div.xpath('.//div[contains(@class, "articleGend")]/@class')
33 item['author_gender'] = item['author_gender'][0].split(' ')[-1].replace('Icon', '') if len(
34 item['author_gender']) > 0 else None
35 item['author_age'] = div.xpath('.//div[contains(@class, "articleGend")]/text()')
36 item['author_age'] = item['author_age'][0] if len(item['author_age']) > 0 else None
37 item['author_img'] = div.xpath('.//div[@class="author clearfix"]//img/@src')
38 item['author_img'] = 'https' + item['author_img'][0] if len(item['author_img']) > 0 else None
39 item['stats_vote'] = div.xpath('.//span[@class="stats-vote"]/i/text()')
40 item['stats_vote'] = item['stats_vote'][0] if len(item['stats_vote']) > 0 else None
41 content_list.append(item)
42 return content_list
43
44 def save_content_list(self, content_list):
45 with open('qiuba.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
46 f.write(json.dumps(content_list, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4))
47 f.write('
') # 换行
48
49
50 def run(self): # 实现主要逻辑
51 # 1.构造url_list,热门的一共13页
52 url_list = self.get_url_list()
53 # 2.遍历发送请求，获取响应
54 for url in url_list:
55 html_str = self.pass_url(url)
56 # 3.提取数据
57 content_list = self.get_content_list(html_str)
58 # 4.保存数据
59 self.save_content_list(content_list)
60 pass
61
62
63 if __name__ == '__main__':
64 qiubai = QiubaSpider()
65 qiubai.run()